Extracardiac conduit adequacy along the respiratory cycle in adolescent Fontan patients.

Extracardiac conduit adequacy along the respiratory cycle in adolescent Fontan patients.
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青少年方丹患者的呼吸周期沿呼吸周期的充分性。

DOI:
10.1093/ejcts/ezab478
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发表时间:
2022-06-15
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Roest, Arno A. W.
Roest, Arno A. W.
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rijnberg, Friso M.;van der Woude, Seline F. S.;Hazekamp, Mark G.;van den Boogaard, Pieter J.;Lamb, Hildo J.;de Los Monteros, Covadonga Terol Espinosa;Kroft, Lucia J. M.;Kenjeres, Sasa;Karim, Tawab;Jongbloed, Monique R. M.;Westenberg, Jos J. M.;Wentzel, Jolanda J.;Roest, Arno A. W.

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青少年Fontan患者的16- 20 mm心外导管的可移植性仍然未知。本研究的目的是使用下腔静脉(IVC)管道速度不匹配系数沿着呼吸周期评估管道的充分性。对50例心外(16- 20 mm管道)Fontan患者(平均年龄16.9 ± 4.5岁)在肝下IVC、管道和上级腔静脉前瞻性采集实时2D流动MRI。肝静脉流量通过从导管流量中减去IVC流量来确定。报告了每根血管的横截面积(CSA)。在平均呼吸周期、吸气和呼气期间计算平均流量和速度。IVC-导管速度不匹配系数确定如下:V导管/VIVC,其中V是平均速度。中位管道CSA和IVC CSA分别为221 mm 2(Q1-Q3 201-255)和244 mm 2(Q1-Q3 203-265)。从IVC到管道,由于肝静脉血流的进入,流速显著增加(IVC 1.9,Q1-Q3 1.5-2.2)与管道(3.3,Q1-Q3 2.5-4.0 l/min,P < 0.001)。因此,平均流速显著增加(IVC 12(Q1-Q3 11-14 cm/s)对比导管25(Q1-Q3 17-31 cm/s),P < 0.001),导致IVC-导管流速不匹配中位数为1.8(Q1-Q3 1.5-2.4),在吸气期间进一步增加(中位数2.3,Q1-Q3 1.8-3.0)。IVC导管不匹配与测量的导管尺寸呈负相关,与导管流量呈正相关。呼气和整个呼吸周期期间的标准化IVC导管速度失配因子与峰值VO 2相关(分别为r =-0.37,P = 0.014和r =-0.31,P = 0.04)。在青少年Fontan患者中观察到从IVC向管道的重要血流加速,这与峰值VO 2相关。因此,本研究提出了植入的16- 20 mm导管对于老年Fontan患者而言尺寸过小的问题,未来的研究应阐明其对长期结局的影响。Fontan手术通过将上级腔静脉(SVC)和下腔静脉(IVC)直接连接到肺动脉[即,
Adequacy of 16–20mm extracardiac conduits for adolescent Fontan patients remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate conduit adequacy using the inferior vena cava (IVC)–conduit velocity mismatch factor along the respiratory cycle. Real-time 2D flow MRI was prospectively acquired in 50 extracardiac (16–20mm conduits) Fontan patients (mean age 16.9 ± 4.5 years) at the subhepatic IVC, conduit and superior vena cava. Hepatic venous flow was determined by subtracting IVC flow from conduit flow. The cross-sectional area (CSA) was reported for each vessel. Mean flow and velocity was calculated during the average respiratory cycle, inspiration and expiration. The IVC–conduit velocity mismatch factor was determined as follows: Vconduit/VIVC, where V is the mean velocity. Median conduit CSA and IVC CSA were 221 mm2 (Q1–Q3 201–255) and 244 mm2 (Q1–Q3 203–265), respectively. From the IVC towards the conduit, flow rates increased significantly due to the entry of hepatic venous flow (IVC 1.9, Q1–Q3 1.5–2.2) versus conduit (3.3, Q1–Q3 2.5–4.0 l/min, P < 0.001). Consequently, mean velocity significantly increased (IVC 12 (Q1–Q3 11–14 cm/s) versus conduit 25 (Q1–Q3 17–31 cm/s), P < 0.001), resulting in a median IVC–conduit velocity mismatch of 1.8 (Q1–Q3 1.5–2.4), further augmenting during inspiration (median 2.3, Q1–Q3 1.8–3.0). IVC–conduit mismatch was inversely related to measured conduit size and positively correlated with conduit flow. The normalized IVC–conduit velocity mismatch factor during expiration and the entire respiratory cycle correlated with peak VO2 (r = –0.37, P = 0.014 and r = –0.31, P = 0.04, respectively). Important blood flow accelerations are observed from the IVC towards the conduit in adolescent Fontan patients, which is related to peak VO2. This study, therefore, raises concerns that implanted 16–20mm conduits have become undersized for older Fontan patients and future studies should clarify its effect on long-term outcome. The Fontan procedure provides a palliative solution for single-ventricle patients, by connecting both the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) directly to the pulmonary arteries [i.e.
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