Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0102251
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lai MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baron-Cohen S;Cassidy S;Auyeung B;Allison C;Achoukhi M;Robertson S;Pohl A;Lai MC
据报道，在典型发育个体中，自闭症特征和系统化（男性优势）以及同情（女性优势）存在性别差异。在自闭症患者中，这些认知行为特征对应于自闭症的“极端男性大脑”（EMB）理论的预测（自闭症特征和系统化的极端分数，同情心低于平均水平）。然而，自闭症中的性别差异一直没有得到充分的研究。这里我们展示了811名成年人（454名女性）和3，906名年龄匹配的典型对照成年人（2，562名女性）完成了情商（EQ），系统化商数修订版（SQ-R）和自闭症谱系商数（AQ），典型的女性平均在EQ上得分更高，典型的男性在SQ-R和AQ上得分更高，男性和女性自闭症患者在这些测量和“大脑类型”分布（标准化EQ和SQ-R分数之间的差异）上都显示出向“男性轮廓”的极端转变。此外，正常的性别差异减弱，但没有消除成人自闭症。这些发现为自闭症的EMB理论提供了强有力的支持，并突出了自闭症男性和女性之间的差异。
Sex differences have been reported in autistic traits and systemizing (male advantage), and empathizing (female advantage) among typically developing individuals. In individuals with autism, these cognitive-behavioural profiles correspond to predictions from the “extreme male brain” (EMB) theory of autism (extreme scores on autistic traits and systemizing, below average on empathizing). Sex differences within autism, however, have been under-investigated. Here we show in 811 adults (454 females) with autism and 3,906 age-matched typical control adults (2,562 females) who completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), that typical females on average scored higher on the EQ, typical males scored higher on the SQ-R and AQ, and both males and females with autism showed a shift toward the extreme of the “male profile” on these measures and in the distribution of “brain types” (the discrepancy between standardized EQ and SQ-R scores). Further, normative sex differences are attenuated but not abolished in adults with autism. The findings provide strong support for the EMB theory of autism, and highlight differences between males and females with autism.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bejerot S;Eriksson JM
通讯作者：
Eriksson JM
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Daniels, Amy M.;Rosenberg, Rebecca E.;Law, Paul A.
通讯作者：
Law, Paul A.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Auyeung, Bonnie;Wheelwright, Sally;Baron-Cohen, Simon
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen, Simon
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2002.1206
发表时间：
2003-02-28
期刊：
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baron-Cohen, S;Richler, J;Wheelwright, S
通讯作者：
Wheelwright, S
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bolte, Sven;Duketis, Eftichia;Holtmann, Martin
通讯作者：
Holtmann, Martin