Fire, water, and biodiversity in the Sierra Nevada: a possible triple win

Fire, water, and biodiversity in the Sierra Nevada: a possible triple win
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内华达山脉的火、水和生物多样性:可能的三赢

DOI:
10.1088/2515-7620/ac17e2
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Wilkin, Kate
Wilkin, Kate
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stephens, Scott L;Thompson, Sally;Boisramé, Gabrielle;Collins, Brandon M;Ponisio, Lauren C;Rakhmatulina, Ekaterina;Steel, Zachary L;Stevens, Jens T;van Wagtendonk, Jan W;Wilkin, Kate

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降低大规模严重野火的风险,同时提高山区供水的安全性和增强生物多样性是美国西部森林的当务之急。经过一个世纪的灭火,约塞米蒂和红杉国王峡谷国家公园位于加州的塞拉内华达州发起的计划,以管理野火和这些地区提供了一个难得的机会,研究恢复火灾制度的影响。森林覆盖率下降,在管理野火期间,草甸和灌木丛覆盖率增加,特别是在约塞米蒂的伊利卢埃特河流域,经历了20%的森林面积减少。这些地区现在支持更大的火生物多样性,因此也支持更大的景观和物种多样性。土壤湿度增加,干旱引起的树木死亡率下降,特别是在伊利卢埃特,野火可以更自由地燃烧,导致夏季土壤湿度增加30%。模拟表明,恢复火灾制度的生态水文共同效益是强大的预测气候变暖。需要政府最高层和公众的支持,以维持现有的方案,并将其扩大到其他森林地区。
Reducing the risk of large, severe wildfires while also increasing the security of mountain water supplies and enhancing biodiversity are urgent priorities in western US forests. After a century of fire suppression, Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks located in California's Sierra Nevada initiated programs to manage wildfires and these areas present a rare opportunity to study the effects of restored fire regimes. Forest cover decreased during the managed wildfire period and meadow and shrubland cover increased, especially in Yosemite's Illilouette Creek basin that experienced a 20% reduction in forest area. These areas now support greater pyrodiversity and consequently greater landscape and species diversity. Soil moisture increased and drought-induced tree mortality decreased, especially in Illilouette where wildfires have been allowed to burn more freely resulting in a 30% increase in summer soil moisture. Modeling suggests that the ecohydrological co-benefits of restoring fire regimes are robust to the projected climatic warming. Support will be needed from the highest levels of government and the public to maintain existing programs and expand them to other forested areas.
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