Unidirectional brain to muscle connectivity reveals motor cortex control of leg muscles during stereotyped walking.
Unidirectional brain to muscle connectivity reveals motor cortex control of leg muscles during stereotyped walking.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.013
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Chisari C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Artoni F;Fanciullacci C;Bertolucci F;Panarese A;Makeig S;Micera S;Chisari C
在低等哺乳动物中，运动似乎主要由皮层下和脊髓网络调节。相反，最近的证据表明，在人类中，运动皮层在复杂的运动任务中也很活跃。然而，皮质对运动的贡献仍然缺乏详细的了解，特别是在刻板的活动。在这里，我们表明，皮质运动区精细控制腿部肌肉激活在跑步机刻板的步行。使用一种新的技术，可靠的独立成分分析，源定位和有效的连接相结合的基础上，并结合脑电图（EEG）和肌电图（EMG）记录在健全的成年人，我们能够检查第一次皮层激活模式和皮质-肌肉连接，包括信息流的方向。结果不仅提供了与运动相关的皮层活动的证据，但证明了显着的因果单向驱动从对侧运动皮层的肌肉在摆动腿。这些见解推翻了传统的观点，即人类大脑皮层在控制刻板的运动中的作用有限，并提出了有用的假设，在其他条件下的步态机制。在跑步机上行走时，运动皮层主动驱动对侧摆动腿肌肉，这与传统的人类运动模式相反。
In lower mammals, locomotion seems to be mainly regulated by subcortical and spinal networks. On the contrary, recent evidence suggests that in humans the motor cortex is also significantly engaged during complex locomotion tasks. However, a detailed understanding of cortical contribution to locomotion is still lacking especially during stereotyped activities. Here, we show that cortical motor areas finely control leg muscle activation during treadmill stereotyped walking. Using a novel technique based on a combination of Reliable Independent Component Analysis, source localization and effective connectivity, and by combining electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) recordings in able-bodied adults we were able to examine for the first time cortical activation patterns and cortico-muscular connectivity including information flow direction. Results not only provided evidence of cortical activity associated with locomotion, but demonstrated significant causal unidirectional drive from contralateral motor cortex to muscles in the swing leg. These insights overturn the traditional view that human cortex has a limited role in the control of stereotyped locomotion, and suggest useful hypotheses concerning mechanisms underlying gait under other conditions. Motor cortex proactively drives contralateral swing leg muscles during treadmill walking, counter to the traditional view of stereotyped human locomotion.
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