Problematic Social Media Use in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Observational Study.
Problematic Social Media Use in Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults: Observational Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/23688
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发表时间：
2021-05-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Humfleet GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vogel EA;Ramo DE;Prochaska JJ;Meacham MC;Layton JF;Humfleet GL
性少数群体和性别少数群体(SGM)个人承受着少数群体的压力，特别是当他们缺乏社会支持的时候。SGM年轻人可能会求助于社交媒体来寻求社区的支持；然而，当社交媒体的使用干扰了功能时，可能会变得有问题。社交媒体的问题使用可能与SGM年轻人的少数民族压力经历有关。本研究的目的是考察社交媒体使用、SGM相关的内化污名、情绪社会支持和SGM青少年抑郁症状之间的关系。参与者是定期(每周4天)社交媒体用户(N=302)并参加过≥戒烟干预的SGM年轻人。作为基线评估的一部分，参与者自我报告了有问题的社交媒体使用情况(特征是突出、容忍和类似戒断的经历；改编自Facebook成瘾量表)、每周使用社交媒体的时间、内化的SGM污名、感受到的情感社会支持和抑郁症状。皮尔逊测试了问题社交媒体使用、社交媒体使用时间、内在化的SGM污名、感受到的情感社会支持和抑郁症状之间的双变量关联。多元线性回归研究了上述变量和有问题的社交媒体使用之间的关联，并根据性别认同进行了调整。共有302名SGM青壮年纳入分析(出生时女性218/302，72.2%；非西班牙裔白人：188/302，62.3%；平均年龄：21.9岁，SD 2.2岁)。调查对象的性别认同构成为59.3%(179/302)为双性恋和/或双性恋，17.2%(52/302)为男同性恋，16.9%(51/302)为女同性恋，6.6%(20/302)为其他。样本的性别认同构成为61.3%(185/302)为顺性；24.2%(73/302)为性别酷儿、流体、非二元或其他；14.6%(44/302)为变性者。有问题的社交媒体使用平均为2.53(SD 0.94)(满分为5分)，平均每周使用社交媒体17小时(约每天2.5小时)。使用社交媒体问题越多的参与者内化的SGM污名(r=0.22；P<；.001)和抑郁症状(r=0.22；P<；.001)更多，感受到的情感社会支持较低(r=−0.15；P=.007)。在考虑了花在社交媒体上的时间和其他相关因素后，SGM内在化的污名越多，社交媒体使用问题就越多(P<；.001)。此外，抑郁症状较重的参与者使用社交媒体的问题略有增加(P=0.05)。总而言之，社交媒体使用问题的迹象更有可能发生在SGM年轻人中，他们已经内化了SGM的耻辱和抑郁症状。综上所述，SGM年轻人使用社交媒体的问题与负面心理体验有关，包括内化的耻辱、低社会支持和抑郁症状。经历少数族裔压力的SGM年轻人可能面临使用社交媒体问题的风险。
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals experience minority stress, especially when they lack social support. SGM young adults may turn to social media in search of a supportive community; however, social media use can become problematic when it interferes with functioning. Problematic social media use may be associated with experiences of minority stress among SGM young adults. The objective of this study is to examine the associations among social media use, SGM-related internalized stigma, emotional social support, and depressive symptoms in SGM young adults. Participants were SGM young adults who were regular (≥4 days per week) social media users (N=302) and had enrolled in Facebook smoking cessation interventions. As part of a baseline assessment, participants self-reported problematic social media use (characterized by salience, tolerance, and withdrawal-like experiences; adapted from the Facebook Addiction Scale), hours of social media use per week, internalized SGM stigma, perceived emotional social support, and depressive symptoms. Pearson correlations tested bivariate associations among problematic social media use, hours of social media use, internalized SGM stigma, perceived emotional social support, and depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regression examined the associations between the aforementioned variables and problematic social media use and was adjusted for gender identity. A total of 302 SGM young adults were included in the analyses (assigned female at birth: 218/302, 72.2%; non-Hispanic White: 188/302, 62.3%; age: mean 21.9 years, SD 2.2 years). The sexual identity composition of the sample was 59.3% (179/302) bisexual and/or pansexual, 17.2% (52/302) gay, 16.9% (51/302) lesbian, and 6.6% (20/302) other. The gender identity composition of the sample was 61.3% (185/302) cisgender; 24.2% (73/302) genderqueer, fluid, nonbinary, or other; and 14.6% (44/302) transgender. Problematic social media use averaged 2.53 (SD 0.94) on a 5-point scale, with a median of 17 hours of social media use per week (approximately 2.5 h per day). Participants with greater problematic social media use had greater internalized SGM stigma (r=0.22; P<.001) and depressive symptoms (r=0.22; P<.001) and lower perceived emotional social support (r=−0.15; P=.007). Greater internalized SGM stigma remained was significantly associated with greater problematic social media use after accounting for the time spent on social media and other correlates (P<.001). In addition, participants with greater depressive symptoms had marginally greater problematic social media use (P=.05). In sum, signs of problematic social media use were more likely to occur among SGM young adults who had internalized SGM stigma and depressive symptoms. Taken together, problematic social media use among SGM young adults was associated with negative psychological experiences, including internalized stigma, low social support, and depressive symptoms. SGM young adults experiencing minority stress may be at risk for problematic social media use.
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