The role of peripheral nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in cartilage and bone physiology and pathophysiology.
The role of peripheral nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in cartilage and bone physiology and pathophysiology.
复制标题
周围神经纤维及其神经递质在软骨和骨生理和病理生理学中的作用。
DOI：
10.1186/s13075-014-0485-1
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Grässel SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grässel SG
周围神经系统在骨代谢、骨生成和骨重建中起关键作用。交感神经和感觉神经支配关节滑膜组织和软骨下骨。它们调节胚胎肢体发育中软骨内骨化过程中的血管化和基质分化，表明在骨骼生长和肢体再生过程中具有独特的作用。在病理生理情况下，交感神经和感觉神经纤维的神经支配模式在成人关节组织和骨中改变。肌肉骨骼系统的各种常驻细胞类型表达感觉和交感神经递质的受体。成骨细胞、破骨细胞、间充质干细胞、滑膜成纤维细胞和不同类型的软骨细胞产生不同亚型的肾上腺素受体、血管肠肽受体、P物质受体和降钙素基因相关肽受体。这些细胞中的许多甚至合成神经肽，如P物质和降钙素基因相关肽，并且对酪氨酸羟化酶呈阳性，酪氨酸羟化酶是儿茶酚胺生物合成的限速酶。感觉和交感神经递质调节肢体发育中软骨内骨化过程中间充质祖细胞的骨软骨分化。在成人中，感觉和交感神经递质对于骨折后的骨再生至关重要，并且参与炎性疾病的病理学，如主要表现在关节中的类风湿性关节炎。它们也可能在退行性关节疾病（如骨关节炎）的发病机制中发挥作用。总之，积累的数据表明，感觉和交感神经递质具有重要的营养作用，这是胚胎骨骼生长过程中正确的肢体形成的关键。在成年人中，除了其经典的神经作用外，它们还调节骨再生、骨重建和关节软骨稳态。
The peripheral nervous system is critically involved in bone metabolism, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling. Nerve fibers of sympathetic and sensory origin innervate synovial tissue and subchondral bone of diathrodial joints. They modulate vascularization and matrix differentiation during endochondral ossification in embryonic limb development, indicating a distinct role in skeletal growth and limb regeneration processes. In pathophysiological situations, the innervation pattern of sympathetic and sensory nerve fibers is altered in adult joint tissues and bone. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, and different types of chondrocytes produce distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors, receptors for vasointestinal peptide, for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Many of these cells even synthesize neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide and are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters modulate osteo-chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells during endochondral ossification in limb development. In adults, sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are critical for bone regeneration after fracture and are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases as rheumatoid arthritis which manifests mainly in joints. Possibly, they might also play a role in pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. All together, accumulating data imply that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for proper limb formation during embryonic skeletal growth. In adults, they modulate bone regeneration, bone remodeling, and articular cartilage homeostasis in addition to their classic neurological actions.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
7
作者：
Eitner, A.;Pester, J.;Schaible, H. -G.
通讯作者：
Schaible, H. -G.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Howard, M. R.;Millward-Sadler, S. J.;Quinn, J. P.
通讯作者：
Quinn, J. P.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ding, Wen-Ge;Zhang, Zi-Ming;Dai, Li-Yang
通讯作者：
Dai, Li-Yang
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
Delgado, M;Abad, C;Gomariz, RP
通讯作者：
Gomariz, RP
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Cornish, J;Callon, KE;Reid, IR
通讯作者：
Reid, IR