Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome.
Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome.
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短期抗生素治疗对人类喉咙和肠道微生物群有不同的长期影响。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0009836
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发表时间：
2010-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Engstrand L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jakobsson HE;Jernberg C;Andersson AF;Sjölund-Karlsson M;Jansson JK;Engstrand L
抗生素是治疗幽门螺杆菌的标准方法，幽门螺杆菌是消化性溃疡和胃癌的主要病原体。然而，这种治疗对人类本地微生物群的长期影响相对未被探索。在这里，我们研究了克拉霉素和甲硝唑治疗的短期和长期影响，这是一种常用的治疗方案，用于治疗幽门螺杆菌，对喉咙和下肠的本地微生物群。通过使用基于454的焦磷酸测序和末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）分析16S rRNA基因，对收集的样品中的细菌组成进行了监测。虽然未经治疗的对照组的微生物群落随着时间的推移相对稳定，但在抗生素治疗一周后，在两个地点的所有接受治疗的受试者中观察到显著的变化，细菌多样性减少。虽然不同受试者的微生物群对抗生素治疗有独特的反应，但可以观察到一些总体趋势；例如在治疗后喉咙和粪便中的放线菌数量立即急剧下降。尽管微生物群的多样性随后恢复到类似于治疗前的状态，但在某些情况下，微生物群在治疗后长达四年仍然受到干扰。此外，在治疗四年后发现了高水平的大环内酯类耐药基因erm(B)，这表明抗生素耐药性一旦被选择，可以持续比以前认识到的更长的时间。这突出了限制性抗生素使用的重要性，以防止随后的治疗失败和抗生素耐药性的潜在传播。
Antibiotic administration is the standard treatment for the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, the long-term consequences of this treatment on the human indigenous microbiota are relatively unexplored. Here we studied short- and long-term effects of clarithromycin and metronidazole treatment, a commonly used therapy regimen against H. pylori, on the indigenous microbiota in the throat and in the lower intestine. The bacterial compositions in samples collected over a four-year period were monitored by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using 454-based pyrosequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). While the microbial communities of untreated control subjects were relatively stable over time, dramatic shifts were observed one week after antibiotic treatment with reduced bacterial diversity in all treated subjects in both locations. While the microbiota of the different subjects responded uniquely to the antibiotic treatment some general trends could be observed; such as a dramatic decline in Actinobacteria in both throat and feces immediately after treatment. Although the diversity of the microbiota subsequently recovered to resemble the pre treatment states, the microbiota remained perturbed in some cases for up to four years post treatment. In addition, four years after treatment high levels of the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) were found, indicating that antibiotic resistance, once selected for, can persist for longer periods of time than previously recognized. This highlights the importance of a restrictive antibiotic usage in order to prevent subsequent treatment failure and potential spread of antibiotic resistance.
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