Evidence in court: witness preparation and cross-examination style effects on adult witness accuracy.
Evidence in court: witness preparation and cross-examination style effects on adult witness accuracy.
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法庭证据：证人准备和盘问风格对成人证人准确性的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/bsl.2031
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Wheatcroft JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wheatcroft JM
证人在刑事司法制度中发挥着明确和关键的作用，确定既破坏刑事法院所收到的证据质量又最大限度提高证据质量的程序显然符合公众利益。本文报告了一项关于证人熟悉程度和交叉询问类型对成人证人准确性影响的调查，该调查将结果置于法律和心理背景下。60名模拟证人观察了一起犯罪事件，然后由一名执业大律师在模拟法庭上根据两种条件对每个证人进行交叉盘问——要么通过脚本化的复杂交叉盘问，要么通过简单但等效的脚本盘问。模拟证人还被分配到另外两种情况——一半的参与者收到了关于交叉询问的指导手册，另一半则不熟悉这个过程。研究结果表明，证人对交叉询问过程的熟悉增加了准确的反应并减少了错误。该指南似乎允许证人获得认知信息，使他们能够更有效地处理信息。在此基础上，关于交叉询问的性质和辩护人可能使用的误导性策略的事先书面信息可以帮助避免律师的负面影响。版权所有©2012 John Wiley & Sons， Ltd。
Witnesses play a clear and pivotal role in the criminal justice system and there is an obvious public interest in identifying procedures that both undermine and maximize the quality of evidence received by the criminal courts. This paper reports an investigation into the effects of witness familiarization and cross‐examination type on adult witness accuracy that situates outcomes in both legal and psychological context. 60 mock witnesses observed a crime event and each witness was then cross‐examined by a practising barrister in a moot courtroom according to two conditions – either via a scripted complex version of cross‐examination or by a simpler but equivalent scripted examination. Mock witnesses were also allocated to two further conditions – half the participants received a guidance booklet on cross‐examination and the other half received no familiarization to the process. Study outcomes showed that familiarization of witnesses to cross‐examination processes increased accurate responses and reduced errors. The guidance seemingly allowed accessibility to cognitive information that enabled witnesses to process information more effectively. On this basis, advance written information about the nature of the cross‐examination and potentially misleading tactics used by advocates could help to immunize against negative lawyerly influence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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