Innate Immunity against Cryptococcus, from Recognition to Elimination.
Innate Immunity against Cryptococcus, from Recognition to Elimination.
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DOI：
10.3390/jof4010033
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发表时间：
2018-03-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wormley FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campuzano A;Wormley FL
隐球菌是隐球菌病的病原，是一种被包裹的真菌酵母菌，主要在免疫功能低下的个体中引起疾病，在全世界艾滋病相关死亡中占15%。暴露于酵母菌吸入肺泡后，肺吞噬细胞的模式识别受体（PRRs）有责任识别真菌高度保守的病原体相关分子模式（PAMPS）。阻碍肺吞噬细胞有效识别隐球菌能力的主要挑战包括酵母大多糖胶囊的存在，以及其他掩盖真菌PAMPs并帮助隐球菌逃避检测和随后免疫系统激活的隐球菌毒力因子。本文将重点介绍关键的吞噬细胞群和存在于这些细胞上的PRRs，如toll样受体（TLRs）、c型凝集素受体、nod样受体（NLRs）和可溶性受体。此外，我们将强调关键的隐球菌PAMPs参与识别隐球菌。问题仍然是，哪种prr -配体相互作用对于隐球菌的识别、吞噬和随后的杀死是必要的。
Cryptococcus species, the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, are encapsulated fungal yeasts that predominantly cause disease in immunocompromised individuals, and are responsible for 15% of AIDS-related deaths worldwide. Exposure follows the inhalation of the yeast into the lung alveoli, making it incumbent upon the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of pulmonary phagocytes to recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) of fungi. The main challenges impeding the ability of pulmonary phagocytes to effectively recognize Cryptococcus include the presence of the yeast’s large polysaccharide capsule, as well as other cryptococcal virulence factors that mask fungal PAMPs and help Cryptococcus evade detection and subsequent activation of the immune system. This review will highlight key phagocyte cell populations and the arsenal of PRRs present on these cells, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and soluble receptors. Additionally, we will highlight critical cryptococcal PAMPs involved in the recognition of Cryptococcus. The question remains as to which PRR–ligand interaction is necessary for the recognition, phagocytosis, and subsequent killing of Cryptococcus.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bettelli, E;Carrier, YJ;Kuchroo, VK
通讯作者：
Kuchroo, VK
DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro3480
发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown L;Wolf JM;Prados-Rosales R;Casadevall A
通讯作者：
Casadevall A
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Chiller, T;Farrokhshad, K;Stevens, DA
通讯作者：
Stevens, DA
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0468
发表时间：
2016-12-05
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Denning，David W.
通讯作者：
Denning，David W.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Bellocchio, S;Montagnoli, C;Romani, L
通讯作者：
Romani, L