Immune-mediated epilepsies.
Immune-mediated epilepsies.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03029.x
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发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Avanzini G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Granata T;Cross H;Theodore W;Avanzini G
长期以来，基于对免疫调节治疗功效的观察，以及最近在患有多种癫痫病的个体中发现包括自身抗体在内的炎症标志物，人们长期以来一直认为免疫在癫痫中具有致病作用。临床和实验数据表明先天免疫和适应性免疫可能与癫痫有关。先天免疫代表宿主通过激活驻留脑免疫细胞和炎症介质对病原体做出的即时、非特异性反应。假设这些会导致癫痫发作和癫痫发生。适应性免疫在病毒感染和自身免疫性疾病的情况下利用抗原特异性 B 和 T 淋巴细胞或抗体的激活。在本文中，我们批判性地回顾了适应性免疫反应在几种类型癫痫中致病作用的证据，并讨论了潜在的机制和治疗靶点。我们强调了改进免疫介导癫痫的诊断和治疗所需的临床前和临床研究的未来方向。
A pathogenic role of immunity in epilepsies has long been suggested based on observations of the efficacy of immune-modulating treatments and, more recently, by the finding of inflammation markers including autoantibodies in individuals with a number of epileptic disorders. Clinical and experimental data suggest that both innate and adaptive immunity may be involved in epilepsy. Innate immunity represents an immediate, nonspecific host response against pathogens via activation of resident brain immune cells and inflammatory mediators. These are hypothesized to contribute to seizures and epileptogenesis. Adaptive immunity employs activation of antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes or antibodies in the context of viral infections and autoimmune disorders. In this article we critically review the evidence for pathogenic roles of adaptive immune responses in several types of epilepsy, and discuss potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. We highlight future directions for preclinical and clinical research that are required for improved diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated epilepsies.
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