Virus-encoded microRNAs: an overview and a look to the future.
Virus-encoded microRNAs: an overview and a look to the future.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003018
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发表时间：
2012-12
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Sullivan CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kincaid RP;Sullivan CS
MicroRNA（miRNAs）是一类在基因表达调控中起重要作用的小分子RNA。病毒编码的miRNAs最初被描述为真核宿主中的转录后基因调节因子，后来被发现。现在很明显，不同的病毒家族，大多数具有DNA基因组，但至少有一些具有RNA基因组，编码miRNA。虽然破译病毒miRNAs的功能已经落后于它们的发现，但最近的功能研究正在关注这些作用。一些最具特征的病毒miRNA功能包括在延长感染细胞的寿命、逃避免疫应答和调节向裂解性感染的转变中的微妙作用。值得注意的是，所有这些功能在持续感染期间特别重要。此外，一种新的关于病毒miRNA的观点表明存在两个不同的组。在第一组中，病毒miRNA模拟宿主miRNA并利用宿主miRNA靶位点的保守网络。在较大的第二组中，病毒miRNAs不共享宿主miRNAs保守的共同靶位点，并且仍然不清楚这些靶向转录物的哪一部分对病毒有益。来自多个病毒家族的最新见解揭示了与宿主miRNA机制相互作用的新方式，包括非经典miRNA生物发生和转录后顺式基因调控的新机制。令人兴奋的挑战等待着该领域，包括确定最相关的miRNA靶点，并将我们目前对病毒miRNA的理解转化为新的治疗策略。为了实现这些目标并更好地掌握miRNA的功能，需要新的体内模型来重现与病毒病原体相关的持续感染。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. First described as posttranscriptional gene regulators in eukaryotic hosts, virus-encoded miRNAs were later uncovered. It is now apparent that diverse virus families, most with DNA genomes, but at least some with RNA genomes, encode miRNAs. While deciphering the functions of viral miRNAs has lagged behind their discovery, recent functional studies are bringing into focus these roles. Some of the best characterized viral miRNA functions include subtle roles in prolonging the longevity of infected cells, evading the immune response, and regulating the switch to lytic infection. Notably, all of these functions are particularly important during persistent infections. Furthermore, an emerging view of viral miRNAs suggests two distinct groups exist. In the first group, viral miRNAs mimic host miRNAs and take advantage of conserved networks of host miRNA target sites. In the larger second group, viral miRNAs do not share common target sites conserved for host miRNAs, and it remains unclear what fraction of these targeted transcripts are beneficial to the virus. Recent insights from multiple virus families have revealed new ways of interacting with the host miRNA machinery including noncanonical miRNA biogenesis and new mechanisms of posttranscriptional cis gene regulation. Exciting challenges await the field, including determining the most relevant miRNA targets and parlaying our current understanding of viral miRNAs into new therapeutic strategies. To accomplish these goals and to better grasp miRNA function, new in vivo models that recapitulate persistent infections associated with viral pathogens are required.
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影响因子：
16
作者：
Bogerd HP;Karnowski HW;Cai X;Shin J;Pohlers M;Cullen BR
通讯作者：
Cullen BR
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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通过反式编码的小 RNA 和宿主因子 RNase III 进行 CRISPR RNA 成熟。
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Deltcheva, Elitza;Chylinski, Krzysztof;Sharma, Cynthia M.;Gonzales, Karine;Chao, Yanjie;Pirzada, Zaid A.;Eckert, Maria R.;Vogel, Joerg;Charpentier, Emmanuelle
通讯作者：
Charpentier, Emmanuelle
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Anselmo A;Flori L;Jaffrezic F;Rutigliano T;Cecere M;Cortes-Perez N;Lefèvre F;Rogel-Gaillard C;Giuffra E
通讯作者：
Giuffra E
DOI：
10.1126/science.1215691
发表时间：
2012-04-13
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Djuranovic S;Nahvi A;Green R
通讯作者：
Green R