Asian Lessons in the Cold War Classroom: Trade Union Networks and the Multidirectional Pedagogies of the Cold War in Asia
Asian Lessons in the Cold War Classroom: Trade Union Networks and the Multidirectional Pedagogies of the Cold War in Asia
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冷战课堂中的亚洲教训：工会网络和亚洲冷战的多向教学法
DOI：
10.1093/jsh/shz102
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Leow R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leow R
本文邀请我们超越对第三世界外交不结盟的精英“教学”观点，将工会视为冷战初期“底层国际主义”的场所。工会是共产主义和反共产主义教学计划的目标，主要由世界工会联合会（WFTU）和竞争对手国际自由工会联合会（ICFTU）带头，这两个组织竞相教导亚洲人如何成为优秀的工会会员。但尽管有意识形态设计，我认为这些“冷战课堂”的国际主义结构反而促进了意想不到的遭遇和兄弟般的联系，而这些是在个人层面上经历的，并且最好地被看到。在概述了这些冷战宏观结构之后，本文转向微观历史尺度，强调了围绕一个“工会专家”联合起来的一组这样的个人网络。乔治·L·P·韦弗 (George L-P Weaver) 是一位非裔美国工会会员，他在 1950 年代前往冲绳和新加坡进行教学工作，但他与亚洲工会会员的对话对他后来的意识形态信念产生了变革性的影响，特别是挑战了他对中华人民共和国在冷战中的角色以及新加坡华人海外社区“共产主义”的看法。总而言之，本文认为，工会为我们提供了一个丰富的场所，可以在其中恢复个人动力，从下到上挑战亚洲冷战的二元逻辑并使之复杂化。
This paper invites us to move beyond an elite, “pedagogical” view of Third World diplomatic non-alignment, by examining trade unions as sites of “subaltern internationalism” in the early Cold War. Trade unions were targets of both communist and anticommunist pedagogical programs, spearheaded principally by the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) and the rival International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), both of which competed to teach Asians how to be good trade unionists. But despite their ideological designs, I argue that these internationalist structures of the “Cold War classroom” facilitated, instead, unexpected encounters and fraternal connections that were experienced, and are best seen, at the level of the personal. After offering an overview of these Cold War macrostructures, the paper moves to the microhistorical scale to highlight one such set of personal networks that coalesced around a single “trade union expert.” George L-P Weaver was an African-American trade unionist whosepedagogicalwork took him to Okinawa and Singapore in the 1950s but whosedialogicalencounters with Asian trade unionists had transformative effects on his ideological convictions afterward, challenging, in particular, his views on the role of the People’s Republic of China in the Cold War and of the “communism” of Chinese overseas communities in Singapore. In all, this paper suggests that trade unions offer us a rich site in which to recover individual dynamics that challenge and complicate, from below, the binary logics of the Cold War in Asia.
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