How Metagenomics Has Transformed Our Understanding of Bacteriophages in Microbiome Research.

How Metagenomics Has Transformed Our Understanding of Bacteriophages in Microbiome Research.
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DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms10081671
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发表时间:
2022-08-19
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学3区
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--
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微生物群是大多数生态系统的重要组成部分。它最初主要是通过培养来研究的,但相对较少的微生物可以培养,所以很多微生物群都没有被探索过。宏基因组测序技术的出现改变了这一点,并允许研究来自各种栖息地的微生物组。宏基因组测序还允许更彻底地探索噬菌体,整合到细菌基因组中的病毒,以及它们如何使宿主受益。使用开放访问的宏基因组数据的一个问题是,添加到数据库中的序列通常几乎没有元数据可供处理,因此找到足够的序列可能很困难。许多元基因组都是人工管理的,但这是一个耗时的过程,并且在很大程度上依赖于上传者在填写元数据字段时的准确和彻底,以及策展人使用相同的本体。使用算法根据分类档案或功能档案对宏基因组进行自动排序可能是解决人工整理宏基因组问题的可行方案,但它要求算法在精心整理的数据集上进行训练,并使用尽可能多的信息档案,以尽量减少错误。
The microbiome is an essential part of most ecosystems. It was originally studied mostly through culturing but relatively few microbes can be cultured, so much of the microbiome was left unexplored. The emergence of metagenomic sequencing techniques changed that and allowed the study of microbiomes from all sorts of habitats. Metagenomic sequencing also allowed for a more thorough exploration of prophages, viruses that integrate into bacterial genomes, and how they benefit their hosts. One issue with using open-access metagenomic data is that sequences added to databases often have little to no metadata to work with, so finding enough sequences can be difficult. Many metagenomes have been manually curated but this is a time-consuming process and relies heavily on the uploader to be accurate and thorough when filling in metadata fields and the curators to be working with the same ontologies. Using algorithms to automatically sort metagenomes based on either the taxonomic profile or the functional profile may be a viable solution to the issues with manually curated metagenomes, but it requires that the algorithm is trained on carefully curated datasets and using the most informative profile possible in order to minimize errors.
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