Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin.
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DOI:
10.1039/c4np00076e
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发表时间:
2014-12
影响因子:
11.9
通讯作者:
Linhardt RJ
Linhardt RJ
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu J;Linhardt RJ

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硫酸乙酰肝素是一种多糖,在动物界发挥重要的生理功能。肝素是一种高度硫酸化的硫酸乙酰肝素,是世界范围内广泛使用的抗凝药物。从天然来源分离的硫酸乙酰肝素和肝素是高度异质的混合物,其多糖链长度和硫酸化模式不同。获得结构确定的硫酸乙酰肝素和肝素对于探索特定硫酸化糖结构对生物学功能的贡献以及开发下一代基于肝素的抗凝药物至关重要。使用纯化学方法合成硫酸乙酰肝素和肝素已被证明是极其困难的,特别是对于大于具有高度位点特异性硫酸化的八糖的靶标。一种新的化学酶法已成为一种有效的替代方法。该方法利用重组硫酸乙酰肝素生物合成酶与非天然尿苷二磷酸-单糖供体的组合。最近的例子表明,超低分子量肝素,低分子量肝素和生物工程肝素的合成是成功的,具有前所未有的效率。这种新方法为开发改进的基于肝素的治疗方法提供了机会。
Heparan sulfate is a polysaccharide that plays essential physiological functions in the animal kingdom. Heparin, a highly sulfated form of heparan sulfate, is a widely prescribed anticoagulant drug worldwide. The heparan sulfate and heparin isolated from natural sources are highly heterogeneous mixtures differing in polysaccharide chain lengths and sulfation patterns. The access to structurally defined heparan sulfate and heparin is critically important to probe the contribution of specific sulfated saccharide structures to biological functions as well as for the development of the next generation of heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. The synthesis of heparan sulfate and heparin, using a purely chemical approach, has proven extremely difficult, especially for targets larger than octasaccharides having a high degree of site-specific sulfation. A new chemoenzymatic method has emerged as an effective alternative approach. This method utilizes recombinant heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes combined with unnatural uridine diphosphate-monosaccharide donors. Recent examples demonstrate the successful synthesis of ultra-low molecular weight heparin, low-molecular weight heparin and bioengineered heparin with unprecedented efficiency. The new method opens the opportunity to develop improved heparin-based therapeutics.
参与肝素和硫酸肝素生物合成的 D-葡萄糖醛酸 C5-酰亚胺酶的特征
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