Climate Adaptation and Drift Shape the Genomes of Two Eel-Goby Sister Species Endemic to Contrasting Latitude.
Climate Adaptation and Drift Shape the Genomes of Two Eel-Goby Sister Species Endemic to Contrasting Latitude.
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DOI：
10.3390/ani13203240
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发表时间：
2023-10-17
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气候是硬骨鱼物种适应性进化和生态物种形成的最重要驱动因素之一。利用全基因组重测序技术，本研究评估了不同的气候选择在形成跨越不同纬度梯度的两个鳗鱼-虾虎鱼姐妹物种遗传分化中的作用。它们之间存在较高的基线遗传分化。在它们的基因组中发现了大量升高的差异基因座，这可能是由于不同的气候选择，以及历史的人口过程造成的。显示选择性特征的基因座突出了与物质代谢、能量生产、对环境线索的反应和生殖活动相关的基因在纬度梯度适应中的作用，从而导致了两个物种的气候差异。这些结果为气候变化如何与纬度相关推动海洋硬骨鱼的遗传分化和生态物种形成提供了重要的见解。破译气候适应在产生遗传分化和物种形成中的作用是进化论中的一个中心问题。对跨越选择性气候梯度的密切相关物种的基因组进行比较，特别有助于辨别选择的特征，从而提供关于气候适应在物种形成中的作用的宝贵信息。在这里，我们重新测序了两个姐妹鳗鱼-虾虎鱼物种Odonamblyopus lacepedii和O.Rebecca的99个基因组，这两个物种是跨越不同纬度梯度的潮汐泥滩特有的，以估计不同的气候选择对形成全基因组分化模式的影响。结果表明，两个物种之间存在明显的基因组分化(全基因组fst=0.313)。在高基线基因组差异的背景下，588和1202个升高的差异基因座被检测到广泛存在于它们的基因组中，而不是集中在基因组区域的小岛上。这些差异模式可能源于气候选择的差异，以及过去冰川隔离(146万年前)造成的遗传漂移。我们确定了几个候选基因，这些基因在两个物种之间表现出更大的差异，包括与物质代谢、能量产生和对环境提示的反应相关的基因，所有这些假定的候选基因都与纬度梯度预期的热适应密切相关。有趣的是，一些候选基因与配子识别和青春期的时间有关，也表现出更大的差异性，表明它们可能在两个物种的受精卵前分离和物种形成中发挥作用。我们的结果将扩大我们关于纬度、气候适应和遗传漂移在海洋硬骨鱼生物多样性产生和维持中的作用的知识。
Climate is one of the most important drivers for adaptive evolution and ecological speciation in teleost species. Using whole-genome re-sequencing technology, this study evaluated the role of divergent climate selection in shaping the genetic divergence of two eel-goby sister species spanning contrasting latitude gradients. High baseline genetic differentiation was found between them. Substantial elevated divergent loci were detected to be widespread throughout their genomes, which may arise from divergent climate selection, in addition to historical demographic processes. The loci exhibiting selective signatures highlighted the roles of genes associated with substance metabolism, energy production, response to environmental cues, and reproductive activity in latitude gradient adaptation and hence the climate-driven divergence of the two species. The results provided important insights into how climate changes related to latitude may drive genetic differentiation and thereby ecological speciation in marine teleosts. Deciphering the role of climate adaptation in generating genetic divergence and hence speciation is a central question in evolution. Comparisons of genomes of closely related species spanning selective climate gradients are particularly informative in discerning the signatures of selection and thereby providing valuable information concerning the role of climate adaptation in speciation. Here we re-sequenced 99 genomes of the two sister eel-goby species Odontamblyopus lacepedii and O. rebecca, which are endemic to tidal mudflats spanning contrasting latitude gradients, to estimate the influence of divergent climate selection on shaping genome-wide patterns of divergence. The results indicated that genome-wide differentiation between the two species was evident (genome-wide FST = 0.313). Against a background of high baseline genomic divergence, 588 and 1202 elevated divergent loci were detected to be widespread throughout their genomes, as opposed to focused within small islands of genomic regions. These patterns of divergence may arise from divergent climate selection in addition to genetic drift acting through past glacial segregation (1.46 million years ago). We identified several candidate genes that exhibited elevated divergence between the two species, including genes associated with substance metabolism, energy production, and response to environmental cues, all putative candidates closely linked to thermal adaptation expected from the latitude gradient. Interestingly, several candidates related to gamete recognition and time of puberty, and also exhibited elevated divergence, indicating their possible role in pre-zygote isolation and speciation of the two species. Our results would expand our knowledge on the roles of latitude climate adaptation and genetic drift in generating and maintaining biodiversity in marine teleosts.
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