Explaining variance of avian malaria infection in the wild: the importance of host density, habitat, individual life-history and oxidative stress.
Explaining variance of avian malaria infection in the wild: the importance of host density, habitat, individual life-history and oxidative stress.
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6785-13-15
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发表时间：
2013-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sheldon BC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isaksson C;Sepil I;Baramidze V;Sheldon BC
禽疟疾（疟原虫属）在全球范围内广泛传播，但在小空间尺度上感染（存在/不存在）模式存在相当大的差异。这种变化可能是由生态学、人口统计学和表型特征的变化驱动的，特别是那些影响宿主抵抗力的变化。活性氧（ROS）的产生是宿主对抗寄生虫入侵的初始免疫反应之一。然而，长期暴露于ROS会对宿主造成伤害，因此需要根据感染阶段和宿主表型来调整氧化还原反应。在这里，我们使用实验和相关方法来评估寄主密度、栖息地组成、个体水平变化和氧化还原生理学对大山雀野生种群中疟原虫感染的相对重要性。我们发现 36% 的大山雀种群感染了疟原虫（22% 的 P. relictum 和 15% 的 P.circumflexum 感染率），并且感染模式是疟原虫物种特异性的。首先，在实验性宿主密度增加的地区，旋枝假单胞菌的感染率显着较高，而残余假单胞菌感染的变化主要归因于年龄、性别和繁殖。其次，大山雀抗氧化反应（总谷胱甘肽和氧化谷胱甘肽）在感染者和未感染者之间显示出年龄、性别和疟原虫物种特异性模式，但活性氧代谢物（ROM）对 P. relictum 感染模式的解释力较弱。相反，ROM随着疟原虫寄生虫血症而显着增加。这些结果确定了影响野生鸟类疟原虫感染的一些关键因素，并为最近记录的慢性禽疟疾对生存和繁殖成功的负面影响的潜在生理基础提供了潜在的解释。
Avian malaria (Plasmodium sp.) is globally widespread, but considerable variation exists in infection (presence/absence) patterns at small spatial scales. This variation can be driven by variation in ecology, demography, and phenotypic characters, in particular those that influence the host’s resistance. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the host’s initial immune responses to combat parasitic invasion. However, long-term ROS exposure can harm the host and the redox response therefore needs to be adjusted according to infection stage and host phenotype. Here we use experimental and correlational approaches to assess the relative importance of host density, habitat composition, individual level variation and redox physiology for Plasmodium infection in a wild population of great tits, Parus major. We found that 36% of the great tit population was infected with Plasmodium (22% P. relictum and 15% P. circumflexum prevalence) and that patterns of infection were Plasmodium species-specific. First, the infection of P. circumflexum was significantly higher in areas with experimental increased host density, whereas variation in P. relictum infection was mainly attributed to age, sex and reproduction. Second, great tit antioxidant responses – total and oxidizied glutathione - showed age- , sex- and Plasmodium species-specific patterns between infected and uninfected individuals, but reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) showed only a weak explanatory power for patterns of P. relictum infection. Instead ROM significantly increased with Plasmodium parasitaemia. These results identify some key factors that influence Plasmodium infection in wild birds, and provide a potential explanation for the underlying physiological basis of recently documented negative effects of chronic avian malaria on survival and reproductive success.
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影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Isaksson, Caroline;Sheldon, Ben C.;Uller, Tobias
通讯作者：
Uller, Tobias
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Asghar, Muhammad;Hasselquist, Dennis;Bensch, Staffan
通讯作者：
Bensch, Staffan
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Atkinson, Carter T.;Samuel, Michael D.
通讯作者：
Samuel, Michael D.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bertrand, S.;Criscuolo, F.;Sorci, G.
通讯作者：
Sorci, G.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2001.1827
发表时间：
2001-12-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Duckworth, RA;Mendonça, MT;Hill, GE
通讯作者：
Hill, GE