Strong large-scale climate response to North American sulphate aerosols in CESM

Strong large-scale climate response to North American sulphate aerosols in CESM
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CESM 对北美硫酸盐气溶胶的强烈大规模气候响应

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/abbe45
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
García-Martínez I
García-Martínez I
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
García-Martínez I

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本文用两组瞬态耦合实验研究了1950-1975年期间北美硫酸盐气溶胶排放增加对墨西哥和美国气候的影响,一组实验采用了历史上不断变化的排放量,另一组实验采用了北美SO2排放保持在工业化前水平的排放量。1950-1975年北美硫酸盐气溶胶的增加被认为具有区域和远程影响。在美国中部和墨西哥北方,北大西洋副热带高压的加强和向西扩以及随后的低层东风的加强,沿着当地气溶胶与辐射和云的相互作用,导致冷却趋势和降水增加。墨西哥湾上空的水汽输送增强与墨西哥中部地形升高之间的相互作用有利于大西洋一侧的正降雨,同时抑制太平洋一侧的降雨。这些大陆异常嵌入在一个半球范围内的对流层上层遥相关模式在中纬度地区,从太平洋延伸到大西洋盆地。详细的基本机制,特别是动态调整的突出作用。随着美国二氧化硫排放量的大幅减少,以及整个世纪全球持续下降的预期,这项研究揭示了可能正在进行和未来的区域气候对人为强迫变化的响应。
The effects of increased North American sulphate aerosol emissions on the climate of Mexico and the United States (US) during 1950–1975 are investigated by using two sets of transient coupled experiments with the Community Earth System Model, one with historically evolving emissions, and a second one where North American SO 2 emissions are kept at their pre-industrial levels. The 1950–1975 increase in North American sulphate aerosols is found to have regional and remote impact. Over central US and northern Mexico, the strengthening and westward expansion of the North Atlantic Subtropical High and subsequent intensification of the low-level easterlies, along with local aerosol interactions with radiation and clouds, cause a cooling trend and enhance precipitation. The interaction between the enhanced moisture transport across the Gulf of Mexico and the elevated topography of central Mexico favours positive rainfall on the Atlantic side while suppressing it on the Pacific side. These continental anomalies are embedded in a hemispheric-wide upper-tropospheric teleconnection pattern over the mid-latitudes, extending from the Pacific to the Atlantic basin. Details of the underlying mechanisms—in particular the prominent role of dynamical adjustments—are provided. With SO 2 emissions considerably reduced in the US, and the expectation of a continued global decline throughout the 21st century, this study sheds light upon possible ongoing and future regional climate responses to changes in anthropogenic forcing.
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