Learning to contend with accents in infancy: benefits of brief speaker exposure.
Learning to contend with accents in infancy: benefits of brief speaker exposure.
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在婴儿期学习应对口音：短暂接触演讲者的好处。
DOI：
10.1037/a0032192
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Elizabeth K. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marieke van Heugten;Elizabeth K. Johnson
尽管成年人很快适应了带口音的说话者的发音，但幼儿在面对不熟悉的母语变体时似乎很挣扎（例如，美国英语学习15个月大的孩子不能识别牙买加英语中熟悉的单词; Best等人，2009年）。然而，目前尚不清楚为什么会出现这种情况，或者婴儿如何克服这种明显的无能。在此，我们开始讨论这些关键问题。实验1和2证实了一个新的人口，婴儿最初无法识别熟悉的话产生的不熟悉的口音。也就是说，加拿大学习英语的婴儿直到接近两岁时才能识别澳大利亚英语中熟悉的单词。然而，实验3和4表明，这种早期无法识别重音单词可以很容易地克服时，婴儿接触到一个故事，在不熟悉的口音阅读测试之前。重要的是，这种适应只发生在故事非常熟悉的情况下，这与自上而下的词汇反馈可能使适应过程成为可能的观点一致。我们的结论是，婴儿，像成年人一样，有认知能力，迅速推断自己的和他们的母语的一个不熟悉的变体之间的映射。因此，口头语言交际的基本机制比以前的研究表明的要早得多。
Although adults rapidly adjust to accented speakers' pronunciation of words, young children appear to struggle when confronted with unfamiliar variants of their native language (e.g., American English-learning 15-month-olds cannot recognize familiar words spoken in Jamaican English; Best et al., 2009). It is currently unclear, however, why this is the case, or how infants overcome this apparent inability. Here, we begin to address these crucial questions. Experiments 1 and 2 confirm with a new population that infants are initially unable to recognize familiar words produced in unfamiliar accents. That is, Canadian English-learning infants cannot recognize familiar words spoken in Australian English until they near their second birthday. However, Experiments 3 and 4 show that this early inability to recognize accented words can readily be overcome when infants are exposed to a story read in the unfamiliar accent prior to test. Importantly, this adaptation only occurs when the story is highly familiar, consistent with the idea that top-down lexical feedback may enable the adaptation process. We conclude that infants, like adults, have the cognitive capacity to rapidly deduce the mapping between their own and an unfamiliar variant of their native language. Thus, the essential machinery underlying spoken language communication is in place much earlier than previous studies have suggested.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bradlow, AR;Pisoni, DB
通讯作者：
Pisoni, DB
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.22.5.1166
发表时间：
1996-09
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Goldinger
通讯作者：
S. Goldinger
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.421
发表时间：
1994-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
POLKA, L;WERKER, JF
通讯作者：
WERKER, JF
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.19.2.309
发表时间：
1993-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
PALMERI, TJ;GOLDINGER, SD;PISONI, DB
通讯作者：
PISONI, DB