Electronic Cigarettes and Oral Health.
Electronic Cigarettes and Oral Health.
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DOI：
10.1177/00220345211002116
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Preshaw PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holliday R;Chaffee BW;Jakubovics NS;Kist R;Preshaw PM
新型尼古丁产品，特别是电子烟（e-cigarettes），在过去十年中越来越受欢迎。电子烟有时被认为是烟草吸烟的一种危害较小的替代品，并且有一些证据表明它们作为戒烟辅助剂的潜在作用。然而，人们担心它们对健康的影响，特别是在不吸烟的使用者中，以及长期使用时。鉴于这些产品的输送方式，可能会对口腔健康造成影响。在过去的几年里，越来越多的研究旨在探索它们对口腔健康的影响。体外研究报告了一系列细胞效应，但这些效应远不如暴露于烟草烟雾所产生的效应明显。微生物学研究表明，电子烟使用者具有独特的微生物组，并且有迹象表明，与非使用者相比，这可能更具致病性。来自临床试验的口腔健康影响的证据仍然有限，迄今为止，大多数研究规模较小，通常是横断面设计。流行病学研究强调了对口腔干燥、刺激和牙龈疾病的关注。解释电子烟研究的数据具有挑战性，因为研究的人群不同，新产品不断出现。总体而言，研究揭示了潜在的口腔健康危害，强调了努力减少非吸烟者使用的重要性。然而，对于使用电子烟作为戒烟辅助手段的吸烟者来说，戒烟的好处可能超过使用电子烟对口腔健康的任何负面影响，特别是在短期内。未来的研究需要了解一些生物学变化的临床意义，这些生物学变化是在精心设计的临床研究和高质量体外研究支持的实用性试验中纵向跟踪不同的使用者队列观察到的。
Novel nicotine products, particularly electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), have become increasingly popular over the past decade. E-cigarettes are sometimes regarded as a less harmful alternative to tobacco smoking, and there is some evidence of their potential role as a smoking cessation aid. However, there are concerns about their health consequences, particularly in users who are not tobacco smokers, and also when used long term. Given the mode of delivery of these products, there is potential for oral health consequences. Over the past few years, there have been an increasing number of studies conducted to explore their oral health effects. In vitro studies have reported a range of cellular effects, but these are much less pronounced than those resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. Microbiological studies have indicated that e-cigarette users have a distinct microbiome, and there is some indication this may be more pathogenic compared to nonusers. Evidence of oral health effects from clinical trials is still limited, and most studies to date have been small in scale and usually cross-sectional in design. Epidemiological studies highlight concerns over oral dryness, irritation, and gingival diseases. Interpreting data from e-cigarette studies is challenging, given the different populations that have been investigated and the continual emergence of new products. Overall, studies reveal potential oral health harms, underscoring the importance of efforts to reduce use in nonsmokers. However, in smokers who are using e-cigarettes as an aid to help them quit, the benefits of quitting tobacco smoking may outweigh any negative oral health impacts of e-cigarette use, particularly in the short term. Future research is needed to understand the clinical significance of some of the biological changes observed by following different cohorts of users longitudinally in carefully designed clinical studies and pragmatic trials supported by high-quality in vitro studies.
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