The weapon focus effect is weaker with Black versus White male perpetrators
The weapon focus effect is weaker with Black versus White male perpetrators
复制标题
黑人男性施暴者与白人男性施暴者的武器聚焦效果较弱
作者：
K. Pickel;Danielle Sneyd
摘要我们比较了一个白色和一个黑人男性犯罪者的武器的存在对目击者记忆的影响。先前的数据表明，视觉场景中不寻常的物体会引起注意，武器的效果取决于它在出现的背景下看起来有多不寻常。因此，考虑到黑人与武器之间的刻板印象，我们预测黑人犯罪者的武器焦点效应较弱。实验1的结果使用白色和黑色证人支持了这一假设。此外，在实验2的武器焦点效应变得不显着时，黑色的肇事者穿着的服装风格，是强烈的黑人男子。我们建议，观察武装黑人肇事者会自动激活将黑人与武器和犯罪联系起来的刻板印象，这反过来又会减少人们对武器的不寻常之处的感知，从而降低其吸引注意力的能力。
ABSTRACT We compared the influence of a weapon’s presence on eyewitnesses’ memory for a White versus a Black male perpetrator. Prior data indicate that unusual objects in visual scenes attract attention and that a weapon’s effect depends on how unusual it seems within the context in which it appears. Therefore, given the stereotype linking Black men and weapons, we predicted a weaker weapon focus effect with the Black perpetrator. The results of Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis using White and Black witnesses. Moreover, in Experiment 2 the weapon focus effect became nonsignificant when the Black perpetrator wore a style of clothing that is strongly associated with Black men. We propose that observing an armed Black perpetrator automatically activates a stereotype linking Black men with weapons and crime, which in turn reduces the perceived unusualness of the weapon and thus its ability to attract attention.
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