Progress in periventricular leukomalacia.

Progress in periventricular leukomalacia.
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DOI:
10.1001/archneur.65.10.1291
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发表时间:
2008-10
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Pleasure, David
Pleasure, David
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Deng, Wenbin;Pleasure, Jeanette;Pleasure, David

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脑室周围白质软化症(PVL)是脑损伤的主要形式,也是早产儿脑性瘫痪和认知障碍的主要已知原因。存活下来证明这些神经缺陷的低出生体重婴儿的数量正在增加。与头部超声相比,基于磁共振成像的神经成像技术对PVL的诊断具有更高的敏感性,除了脑室周围白质外,还经常记录到端脑灰质和长束的受累。PVL的神经病理特征是小胶质细胞活化,髓鞘前少突胶质细胞局灶性和弥漫性脑室周围耗竭。早髓鞘少突胶质细胞非常容易受到谷氨酸、自由基和促炎细胞因子的影响而死亡。对PVL动物模型的研究表明,针对这些有毒分子的药物干预将有助于减轻PVL的严重程度。
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury and the leading known cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits in premature infants. The number of low-birth-weight infants who survive to demonstrate these neurologic deficts is increasing. Magnetic resonance imaging–based neuroimaging techniques provide greater diagnostic sensitivity for PVL than does head ultrasonography and often document the involvement of telencephalic gray matter and long tracts in addition to periventricular white matter. The neuropathologic hallmarks of PVL are microglial activation and focal and diffuse periventricular depletion of premyelinating oligodendroglia. Premyelinating oligodendroglia are highly vulnerable to death caused by glutamate, free radicals, and proinflammatory cytokines. Studies in animal models of PVL suggest that pharmacologic interventions that target these toxic molecules will be useful in diminishing the severity of PVL.
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