How Microbes Evolved to Tolerate Oxygen.

How Microbes Evolved to Tolerate Oxygen.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2020.10.001
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发表时间:
2021-05
影响因子:
15.9
通讯作者:
Imlay JA
Imlay JA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Khademian M;Imlay JA

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古代微生物在缺氧的地球上发明了生化机制并组装了核心代谢途径。分子氧的出现要晚得多,它迫使微生物设计出层层防御策略,以抵御活性氧(ROS)和氧气本身的破坏作用。最近的工作已经确定了ROS攻击的酶,加上一系列巧妙的保护策略,这些策略有助于众所周知的清除系统。氧还直接破坏低电位金属中心和优化无氧代谢的自由基机制;因此,坚定的厌氧菌已经进化出了定制的策略,以保护这些不同的酶免受偶尔的氧气暴露。因此,一个更全面、更详细、更令人惊讶的关于氧毒性的观点出现了。
Ancient microbes invented biochemical mechanisms and assembled core metabolic pathways on an anoxic Earth. Molecular oxygen appeared far later, forcing microbes to devise layers of defensive tactics that fend off the destructive actions of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen itself. Recent work has pinpointed the enzymes that ROS attack, plus an array of clever protective strategies that abet the well known scavenging systems. Oxygen also directly damages the low-potential metal centers and radical-based mechanisms that optimize anaerobic metabolism; therefore, committed anaerobes have evolved customized tactics that defend these various enzymes from occasional oxygen exposure. Thus a more comprehensive, detailed, and surprising view of oxygen toxicity is coming into view.
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