Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy.
Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2010588118
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发表时间：
2021-05-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Vaupel JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zarulli V;Kashnitsky I;Vaupel JW
女性的预期寿命超过男性。15至40岁男性的死亡率往往是女性的三倍，但这种过高的死亡率并不是预期寿命差距的主要原因。与60岁以后的死亡率或历史上的新生儿死亡率相比，较年轻的成年人很少死亡。我们的人口分析表明，在20世纪最初的几十年里，预期寿命差距主要是由男婴的过多死亡造成的。此后，60岁以上男性的高死亡率变得至关重要。15至40岁男性较高的死亡率起了适度的作用。为什么女人比男人长寿？在这里，我们挖掘了大量的人口统计数据，揭示了特定年龄的女性死亡率较低是决定性的——而重要的年龄在1950年左右发生了变化。早些时候，男婴死亡率过高是至关重要的；之后，这一差距主要是由于60岁以上男性的死亡率上升。年轻男性对预期寿命的性别差距负有一定的责任：根据国家和时间的不同，他们的死亡率不到预期寿命差距的四分之一，往往不到十分之一。了解男女之间按年龄、时间和人群划分的死亡风险差异对预期寿命的影响，可以为研究男女生活的差异提供见解。
Female life expectancy exceeds male life expectancy. Males at ages 15 to 40 die at rates that are often three times female levels, but this excess mortality is not the main cause of the life expectancy gap. Few deaths occur at younger adult ages compared with mortality after age 60 or, historically, among newborns. Our demographic analysis shows that, up through the early decades of the 20th century, the life expectancy gap largely resulted from excess deaths of infant boys. Afterward, higher mortality among men 60+ became crucial. The higher mortality of males at ages 15 to 40 has played a modest role. Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive—and that the important ages changed around 1950. Earlier, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial; afterward, the gap largely resulted from elevated mortality among men 60+. Young males bear modest responsibility for the sex gap in life expectancy: Depending on the country and time, their mortality accounts for less than a quarter and often less than a 10th of the gap. Understanding the impact on life expectancy of differences between male and female risks of death by age, over time, and across populations yields insights for research on how the lives of men and women differ.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Grigoriev P;Andreev EM
通讯作者：
Andreev EM
DOI：
10.1016/0162-3095(85)90041-x
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
ETHOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
WILSON, M;DALY, M
通讯作者：
DALY, M
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Glei, Dana A.;Horiuchi, Shiro
通讯作者：
Horiuchi, Shiro
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bolund E;Lummaa V;Smith KR;Hanson HA;Maklakov AA
通讯作者：
Maklakov AA
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1812593116
发表时间：
2019-05-07
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Chao, Fengqing;Gerland, Patrick;Alkema, Leontine
通讯作者：
Alkema, Leontine