Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases.
Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c110025
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发表时间：
2012-04
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Laye MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Booth FW;Roberts CK;Laye MJ
慢性病是现代社会的主要杀手。缺乏运动是大多数慢性病的主要原因。文章的最初三分之一考虑：活动和预防的定义；显示缺乏运动对健康和正常器官功能能力有害的历史证据；原因与治疗；身体活动和不活动机制的不同；基因-环境相互作用[包括有氧训练适应、个性化医学和双胞胎身体活动]；以及适应训练类型的特殊性。接下来，体力活动/锻炼是对35种慢性疾病[生物衰老加速/过早死亡、心肺功能低下(VO2max)、骨质疏松症、代谢综合征、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病前期、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝、冠心病、外周动脉疾病、高血压、中风、充血性心力衰竭、内皮功能障碍、动脉血脂异常、止血、深静脉血栓形成、认知功能障碍、抑郁和焦虑、骨质疏松症、骨关节炎、平衡、骨折/跌倒、类风湿性关节炎、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、多囊卵巢综合征、勃起功能障碍、疼痛、憩室炎、便秘、便秘、跌倒、类风湿性关节炎、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、多囊卵巢综合征、勃起功能障碍、疼痛、憩室炎、便秘、跌倒、类风湿性关节炎、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、多囊卵巢综合征、勃起功能障碍、疼痛、憩室炎、便秘、跌倒、类风湿性关节炎、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、多囊卵巢综合征、勃起功能障碍、疼痛、憩室炎、便秘、跌倒、类风湿性关节炎、结肠癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫、多囊卵巢综合征、勃起功能障碍、疼痛、憩室炎、和胆囊病]。文章最后考虑了长期久坐群体中风险因素的恶化；儿童/青春期不活动的临床后果；以及公共政策。总而言之，身体很快就不能适应不充分的体力活动，如果继续下去，会导致总寿命和高质量寿命的大幅减少。总而言之，确凿的证据表明，缺乏运动是大多数慢性病的重要原因之一。此外，体育活动主要预防或延迟慢性病，这意味着慢性病不一定是生活中不可避免的结果。
Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to health and normal organ functional capacities; cause vs. treatment; physical activity and inactivity mechanisms differ; gene-environment interaction [including aerobic training adaptations, personalized medicine, and co-twin physical activity]; and specificity of adaptations to type of training. Next, physical activity/exercise is examined as primary prevention against 35 chronic conditions [Accelerated biological aging/premature death, low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, arterial dyslipidemia, hemostasis, deep vein thrombosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression and anxiety, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, balance, bone fracture/falls, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction, pain, diverticulitis, constipation, and gallbladder diseases]. The article ends with consideration of deterioration of risk factors in longer-term sedentary groups; clinical consequences of inactive childhood/adolescence; and public policy. In summary, the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life. Taken together, conclusive evidence exists that physical inactivity is one important cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.
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影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Anderson, Ethan J.;Lustig, Mary E.;Neufer, P. Darrell
通讯作者：
Neufer, P. Darrell
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Alibegovic AC;Højbjerre L;Sonne MP;van Hall G;Stallknecht B;Dela F;Vaag A
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
37.8
作者：
Alberti, K. G. M. M.;Eckel, Robert H.;Smith, Sidney C., Jr.
通讯作者：
Smith, Sidney C., Jr.
DOI：
10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2009
发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Alibegovic, A. C.;Sonne, M. P.;Vaag, A.
通讯作者：
Vaag, A.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Adams, Murray;Fell, James;Williams, Andrew
通讯作者：
Williams, Andrew