Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.
Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.
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DOI：
10.1037/abn0000259
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Strauss ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barch DM;Carter CS;Gold JM;Johnson SL;Kring AM;MacDonald AW;Pizzagalli DA;Ragland JD;Silverstein SM;Strauss ME
动机和享乐障碍是各种类型的精神病理学的核心特征。激励功能的一个重要方面是强化学习(RL)，包括内隐(即意识之外)和外显(即关于潜在奖赏关联的外显表征)学习，以及积极强化(学习导致奖励的行为)和惩罚(学习避免导致损失的行为)。在这里，我们提供了设计用来评估内隐和外显RL的积极和消极成分的范式的数据，检查了精神分裂症、分裂情感障碍和伴有精神病的双相情感障碍患者在这些任务中的每一项表现，并通过诊断检查检查了它们与特定症状领域的关系。在内隐RL任务中，无论是偏向奖赏反应还是偏向惩罚反应，没有一个诊断组与控制组有显著差异。然而，在外显的RL任务上，精神分裂症和分裂情感障碍患者的表现都显著低于对照组，但双相情感障碍患者的表现不是这样。在所有诊断类别中，在外显RL任务上表现较差，而不是内隐RL任务上，都与较差的动机和愉悦症状有关。在外显RL上的表现，而不是内隐RL，与工作记忆有关，这解释了诊断组的一些差异。然而，工作记忆不能解释外显RL与动机和愉悦症状的关系。这些发现表明，动机和愉悦障碍与外显的RL之间存在跨诊断关系。
Motivational and hedonic impairments are core features of a variety of types of psychopathology. An important aspect of motivational function is reinforcement learning (RL), including implicit (i.e., outside of conscious awareness) and explicit (i.e., including explicit representations about potential reward associations) learning, as well as both positive reinforcement (learning about actions that lead to reward) and punishment (learning to avoid actions that lead to loss). Here we present data from paradigms designed to assess both positive and negative components of both implicit and explicit RL, examine performance on each of these tasks among individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychosis, and examine their relative relationships to specific symptom domains transdiagnostically. None of the diagnostic groups differed significantly from controls on the implicit RL tasks in either bias towards a rewarded response or bias away from a punished response. However, on the explicit RL task, both the individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder performed significantly worse than controls, but the individuals with bipolar did not. Worse performance on the explicit RL task, but not the implicit RL task, was related to worse motivation and pleasure symptoms across all diagnostic categories. Performance on explicit RL, but not implicit RL, was related to working memory, which accounted for some of the diagnostic group differences. However, working memory did not account for the relationship of explicit RL to motivation and pleasure symptoms. These findings suggest transdiagnostic relationships across the spectrum of psychotic disorders between motivation and pleasure impairments and explicit RL.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Abler, Birgit;Walter, Henrik;Spitzer, Manfred
通讯作者：
Spitzer, Manfred
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Daw ND;Gershman SJ;Seymour B;Dayan P;Dolan RJ
通讯作者：
Dolan RJ
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Ceaser, Alan E.;Goldberg, Terry E.;Gold, James M.
通讯作者：
Gold, James M.
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Dickstein, D. P.;Finger, E. C.;Brotman, M. A.;Rich, B. A.;Pine, D. S.;Blair, J. R.;Leibenluft, E.
通讯作者：
Leibenluft, E.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2513-09.2009
发表时间：
2009-09-23
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Crockett MJ;Clark L;Robbins TW
通讯作者：
Robbins TW