Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants.
复制标题
废水处理厂中职业暴露于SARS-COV-2的定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142989
复制
发表时间：
2021-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gyawali P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dada AC;Gyawali P
目前全球严重急性呼吸系统综合征-冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）的流行，提高了对研究的要求，以评估污水处理工人的呼吸暴露。在这项全球首次研究中，我们使用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）框架评估了吸入雾化SARS-CoV-2对污水处理厂（WWTP）操作员的职业健康风险。以下考虑因素用于制定QMRA并评估工人的疾病风险：a）受感染并因此负责将SARS-CoV-2排放到原废水中的人口比例; B）原废水和经处理的废水中SARS-CoV-2的浓度; c）污水处理厂操作员在工作期间吸入的雾化水的体积; d）雾化废水中冠状病毒的湿度和温度依赖性生存能力; e）暴露量、频率和持续时间的估计;以及f）暴露剂量。然后将这些变量输入指数剂量反应模型，以估计代表低度、中度和侵袭性疫情的三种情况下的风险。这些情景是在假设产生废水的人口中有0.03%、0.3%和3%感染了SARS-CoV-2的基础上设计的。就平均疾病风险状况而言，低度、中度和积极爆发情景的个体疾病风险分别为每1000名暴露的污水处理厂操作员0.036、0.32和3.21例疾病病例。我们的研究表明，在污水处理厂环境中通过吸入而意外职业暴露于原废水中的SARS-CoV-2的风险可以忽略不计，特别是当工厂服务的人口中只有不到0.3%的人被活跃感染时。
The current global Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has heightened calls for studies to evaluate respiratory exposure for wastewater treatment workers. In this global first study, we assess occupational health risks to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operators from inhalation of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 using a Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) framework. The following considerations were used to develop the QMRA and assess the illness risks to workers: a) the proportion of the population who are infected and thus responsible for shedding SARS-CoV-2 into raw wastewater; b) the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater; c) the volume of aerosolized water inhaled by a WWTP operator during work; d) humidity and temperature-dependent viability of coronaviruses in aerosolized waste water; e) estimation of the amount, frequency, and duration of exposure; and f) exposure doses. The variables were then fed into an exponential dose response model to estimate the risks in three scenarios representing low-grade, moderate and aggressive outbreaks. These scenarios were designed on the assumption of 0.03%, 0.3% and 3% of the wastewater-generating population being infected with SARS-CoV-2. In terms of averaged-out illness risk profiles, the individual illness risks for low grade, moderate and aggressive outbreak scenarios respectively are 0.036, 0.32 and 3.21 illness cases per 1000 exposed WWTP operators. Our study suggests that the risk of accidental occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in raw wastewater, via inhalation at the WWTP environment, is negligible, particularly when less than 0.3% of the population served by the plant are actively infected.
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