A closed-loop model of the respiratory system: focus on hypercapnia and active expiration.
A closed-loop model of the respiratory system: focus on hypercapnia and active expiration.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0109894
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rybak IA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Molkov YI;Shevtsova NA;Park C;Ben-Tal A;Smith JC;Rubin JE;Rybak IA
呼吸是一个至关重要的过程，提供肺部和大气之间的气体交换。在安静呼吸期间，从肺部泵送空气主要是通过吸气期间横膈膜的收缩来执行的，并且呼气期间肌肉收缩在通气中不起显著作用。相反，在剧烈运动或严重高碳酸血症期间，发生用力或主动呼气，其中腹部“呼气”肌肉变得积极参与呼吸。这种转变的机制仍然未知。为了研究这些机制，我们开发了一个闭环呼吸系统的计算模型，该模型描述了脑干呼吸网络控制代表肺生物力学和气体（O2和CO2）交换和运输的肺子系统。肺子系统向神经子系统提供两种类型的反馈：来自肺牵张感受器的机械反馈和来自中枢化学感受器的化学反馈。该模型的神经组件模拟呼吸网络，包括Bötzinger和前Bötzinger复合体内的几种相互作用的呼吸神经元类型，以及代表化学反馈靶向的中央化学感受模块的后斜方核/旁面呼吸组（RTN/pFRG）。RTN/pFRG隔室包含一个独立的神经发生器，在CO2水平升高时激活，并控制腹部运动输出。肺容量由两个泵控制，一个主要由隔膜驱动，另一个由腹肌激活并参与主动呼气。该模型代表了对从安静呼吸到具有主动呼气的呼吸的过渡进行建模的第一次尝试。该模型表明，当呼吸频率和膈振幅的增加不再提供足够的通气时，闭环呼吸控制系统通过呼气活动的量子加速切换到主动呼气。该模型可用于包括呼吸障碍在内的不同条件下的呼吸闭环控制仿真。
Breathing is a vital process providing the exchange of gases between the lungs and atmosphere. During quiet breathing, pumping air from the lungs is mostly performed by contraction of the diaphragm during inspiration, and muscle contraction during expiration does not play a significant role in ventilation. In contrast, during intense exercise or severe hypercapnia forced or active expiration occurs in which the abdominal “expiratory” muscles become actively involved in breathing. The mechanisms of this transition remain unknown. To study these mechanisms, we developed a computational model of the closed-loop respiratory system that describes the brainstem respiratory network controlling the pulmonary subsystem representing lung biomechanics and gas (O2 and CO2) exchange and transport. The lung subsystem provides two types of feedback to the neural subsystem: a mechanical one from pulmonary stretch receptors and a chemical one from central chemoreceptors. The neural component of the model simulates the respiratory network that includes several interacting respiratory neuron types within the Bötzinger and pre-Bötzinger complexes, as well as the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) representing the central chemoreception module targeted by chemical feedback. The RTN/pFRG compartment contains an independent neural generator that is activated at an increased CO2 level and controls the abdominal motor output. The lung volume is controlled by two pumps, a major one driven by the diaphragm and an additional one activated by abdominal muscles and involved in active expiration. The model represents the first attempt to model the transition from quiet breathing to breathing with active expiration. The model suggests that the closed-loop respiratory control system switches to active expiration via a quantal acceleration of expiratory activity, when increases in breathing rate and phrenic amplitude no longer provide sufficient ventilation. The model can be used for simulation of closed-loop control of breathing under different conditions including respiratory disorders.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3141-10.2010
发表时间：
2010-09-15
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Marina N;Abdala AP;Trapp S;Li A;Nattie EE;Hewinson J;Smith JC;Paton JF;Gourine AV
通讯作者：
Gourine AV
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Guyenet, Patrice G.;Mulkey, Daniel K.
通讯作者：
Mulkey, Daniel K.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Abdala, A. P. L.;Rybak, I. A.;Paton, J. F. R.
通讯作者：
Paton, J. F. R.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
GRODINS, FS;BUELL, J;BART, AJ
通讯作者：
BART, AJ
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Abu-Shaweesh, JM;Dreshaj, IA;Martin, RJ
通讯作者：
Martin, RJ