Retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial respiratory group.

Retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial respiratory group.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.resp.2010.02.005
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发表时间:
2010-10-31
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Mulkey, Daniel K.
Mulkey, Daniel K.
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guyenet, Patrice G.;Mulkey, Daniel K.

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大鼠斜方体后核(RTN)含有约2000个表达PHOX2B的谷氨酸能神经元(ccRTN神经元;在小鼠中为800个),具有众所周知的发育谱系。携带PHOX2B突变的小鼠ccRTN神经元发育失败,这种突变通常出现在先天性中枢低通气综合征中。在成年期,ccRTN神经元调节呼吸频率和强度,并可能与其他邻近呼吸神经元一起调节活动呼气。出生前,ccRTN神经元形成一个自主振荡器(胚胎副面组,e-pf),激活并可能起搏灵感。CcRTN神经元的起搏器特性可能在出生后就消失了,取而代之的是突触驱动。新生儿面旁呼吸组(PfRG)可能代表着ccRTN神经元失去其起搏器特性的过渡期。CcRTN神经元通过一种内在机制或通过神经胶质细胞释放的三磷酸腺苷被酸化激活。综上所述,在整个生命过程中,ccRTN神经元似乎是通过呼吸调节二氧化碳的关键中枢。
The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains about 2000 Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons (ccRTN neurons; 800 in mice) with a well-understood developmental lineage. ccRTN neuron development fails in mice carrying a Phox2b mutation commonly present in the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. In adulthood, ccRTN neurons regulate the breathing rate and intensity, and may regulate active expiration along with other neighboring respiratory neurons. Prenatally, ccRTN neurons form an autonomous oscillator (embryonic parafacial group, e-pF) that activates and possibly paces inspiration. The pacemaker properties of the ccRTN neurons probably vanish after birth to be replaced by synaptic drives. The neonatal parafacial respiratory group (pfRG) may represent a transitional phase during which ccRTN neurons lose their group pacemaker properties. ccRTN neurons are activated by acidification via an intrinsic mechanism or via ATP released by glia. In summary, throughout life, ccRTN neurons seem to be a critical hub for the regulation of CO2 via breathing.
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