Genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the French winter wheat cultivars Balance and Apache.
Genetic analysis of resistance to septoria tritici blotch in the French winter wheat cultivars Balance and Apache.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00122-011-1623-7
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Kema, Gert H. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghaffary, Seyed Mahmod Tabib;Robert, Olivier;Laurent, Valerie;Lonnet, Philippe;Margale, Eric;van der Lee, Theo A. J.;Visser, Richard G. F.;Kema, Gert H. J.
小麦分枝杆菌（Mycosphaerella graminicola）是小麦黑穗病（septoria tritici blotch， STB）的病原菌，是全球最具破坏性的面包和硬粒小麦叶面病害之一，特别是在温带潮湿地区。对法国面包小麦品种阿帕奇（Apache）和平衡（Balance）的30个分离株进行筛选，发现了一种抗性反应模式，表明存在新的STB抗性基因。对5株双单倍体（DH）稻瘟病菌（M. graminicola）幼苗期分离株进行数量性状位点（QTL）分析，鉴定出4个QTL位于3AS、1BS、6DS和7DS染色体上，少量位于7DL染色体上。位于6DS染色体上的SSR标记Xgpw5176和Xgpw3087两侧的QTL是一个新的QTL，现在可以命名为Stb18。3AS和1BS染色体上的qtl最有可能分别代表Stb6和Stb11, 7DS染色体上的qtl最有可能代表Stb4和Stb5。然而，在7DL染色体上发现的QTL可能是一个新的Stb基因，还需要进一步的鉴定。对多个分离株进行了分析，结果表明并非所有分离株都能识别所有qtl，这清楚地表明了该菌株在小麦病原菌中的特异性。采用各种疾病参数进行QTL分析。STB特征性坏死斑中无性结实（pycnidia）的发育（参数P）鉴定出最大数量的qtl。所有其他参数鉴定的qtl数量较少，但没有差异。Apache/Balance DH群体中多个QTL的分离使得DH系可以通过单个QTL和多个QTL组合进行鉴定。这些DH系的标记数据分析清楚地表明，金字塔化qtl对拓宽抗性谱具有积极作用，并且这些qtl之间具有上位性和加性相互作用。对Apache/Balance DH群体的田间表型分析证实了在苗期鉴定的qtl的存在，但Stb18的表达不一致，可能在幼株中特别有效。相比之下，在2DS染色体上发现了另一个与STB抗性有关的QTL，该QTL在成熟植株中具有排他性和一致性，并且在不同的位置和时间上表达，但它也与早熟、高以及对枯萎病的抗性密切相关。虽然到目前为止还没有在染色体2D上发现Stb基因的报道，但数据提供的证据表明，该QTL仅与Stb抗性间接相关。本研究表明，对当代商品面包小麦品种进行详细的遗传分析可以揭示新的Stb基因，这些基因可以很容易地应用于标记辅助育种计划。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1007/s00122-011-1623-7）包含补充材料，仅供授权用户使用。
The ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola is the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (STB), one of the most destructive foliar diseases of bread and durum wheat globally, particularly in temperate humid areas. A screening of the French bread wheat cultivars Apache and Balance with 30 M. graminicola isolates revealed a pattern of resistant responses that suggested the presence of new genes for STB resistance. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population with five M. graminicola isolates in the seedling stage identified four QTLs on chromosomes 3AS, 1BS, 6DS and 7DS, and occasionally on 7DL. The QTL on chromosome 6DS flanked by SSR markers Xgpw5176 and Xgpw3087 is a novel QTL that now can be designated as Stb18. The QTLs on chromosomes 3AS and 1BS most likely represent Stb6 and Stb11, respectively, and the QTLs on chromosome 7DS are most probably identical with Stb4 and Stb5. However, the QTL identified on chromosome 7DL is expected to be a new Stb gene that still needs further characterization. Multiple isolates were used and show that not all isolates identify all QTLs, which clearly demonstrates the specificity in the M. graminicola–wheat pathosystem. QTL analyses were performed with various disease parameters. The development of asexual fructifications (pycnidia) in the characteristic necrotic blotches of STB, designated as parameter P, identified the maximum number of QTLs. All other parameters identified fewer but not different QTLs. The segregation of multiple QTLs in the Apache/Balance DH population enabled the identification of DH lines with single QTLs and multiple QTL combinations. Analyses of the marker data of these DH lines clearly demonstrated the positive effect of pyramiding QTLs to broaden resistance spectra as well as epistatic and additive interactions between these QTLs. Phenotyping of the Apache/Balance DH population in the field confirmed the presence of the QTLs that were identified in the seedling stage, but Stb18 was inconsistently expressed and might be particularly effective in young plants. In contrast, an additional QTL for STB resistance was identified on chromosome 2DS that is exclusively and consistently expressed in mature plants over locations and time, but it was also strongly related with earliness, tallness as well as resistance to Fusarium head blight. Although to date no Stb gene has been reported on chromosome 2D, the data provide evidence that this QTL is only indirectly related to STB resistance. This study shows that detailed genetic analysis of contemporary commercial bread wheat cultivars can unveil novel Stb genes that can be readily applied in marker-assisted breeding programs. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00122-011-1623-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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