The evolution of powerful yet perilous immune systems.

The evolution of powerful yet perilous immune systems.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.it.2021.12.002
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Metcalf CJE
Metcalf CJE
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Graham AL;Schrom EC 2nd;Metcalf CJE

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哺乳动物的免疫系统对感染有很强的抵抗力,但也会造成伤害:例如,2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)成为了人类免疫反应同时具有力量和危险的头条新闻。原则上,自然选择导致精致的适应,因此细胞因子反应性最佳地平衡了防御的益处与其成本(例如,免疫病理学遭受和资源消耗)。在这里,我们说明了进化生物学可以预测这样的最优,也有助于解释何时/为什么个人表现出明显的适应不良的免疫病理反应。最终,我们认为,多细胞和生活史策略的进化遗产,除了我们与共生体的共同进化和我们的人口统计学历史,共同解释人类对过度热情,病理诱导细胞因子反应的易感性。进化的见解,从而补充分子/细胞机制的见解免疫病理学。
The mammalian immune system packs serious punch against infection but can also cause harm: for example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) made headline news of the simultaneous power and peril of human immune responses. In principle, natural selection leads to exquisite adaptation and therefore cytokine responsiveness that optimally balances the benefits of defense against its costs (e.g., immunopathology suffered and resources expended). Here, we illustrate how evolutionary biology can predict such optima and also help to explain when/why individuals exhibit apparently maladaptive immunopathological responses. Ultimately, we argue that the evolutionary legacies of multicellularity and life-history strategy, in addition to our coevolution with symbionts and our demographic history, together explain human susceptibility to overzealous, pathology-inducing cytokine responses. Evolutionary insight thereby complements molecular/cellular mechanistic insights into immunopathology.
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