Mechanism and regulation of P element transposition.

Mechanism and regulation of P element transposition.
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DOI:
10.1098/rsob.200244
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发表时间:
2020-12
期刊:
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Teixeira FK
Teixeira FK
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ghanim GE;Rio DC;Teixeira FK

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P元件最早是在果蝇中发现的,是一种称为杂种发育不全的异常遗传性状综合征的致病因子。这发生在携带P元件的雄性与缺乏P元件的雌性交配时,并导致后代显示不育、突变和染色体重排。从那时起,许多遗传,发育,生化和结构的研究已经达到高潮,在深入了解P元件转座:从细胞调控和抑制转座的转座酶核蛋白复合物的机制细节。最近的研究已经揭示了piwi相互作用的小RNA途径可以如何起作用来控制P元件前体mRNA的剪接以调节生殖系中的转座酶产生。最近的冷冻电子显微镜结构的P元件转座体揭示了一个不寻常的DNA结构在转座子末端,并显示绑定GTP辅因子的功能,以定位转座子末端内的转座酶活性位点。基因组测序工作表明,在包括人类在内的其他动物基因组中存在P元件转座酶同源基因(称为THAP 9)。本文综述了最近和以前的研究,这些研究共同导致了新的见解,并调查了我们目前对P元件转座的生物学,生物化学,机制和调控的理解。
P elements were first discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as the causative agents of a syndrome of aberrant genetic traits called hybrid dysgenesis. This occurs when P element-carrying males mate with females that lack P elements and results in progeny displaying sterility, mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Since then numerous genetic, developmental, biochemical and structural studies have culminated in a deep understanding of P element transposition: from the cellular regulation and repression of transposition to the mechanistic details of the transposase nucleoprotein complex. Recent studies have revealed how piwi-interacting small RNA pathways can act to control splicing of the P element pre-mRNA to modulate transposase production in the germline. A recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of the P element transpososome reveals an unusual DNA architecture at the transposon termini and shows that the bound GTP cofactor functions to position the transposon ends within the transposase active site. Genome sequencing efforts have shown that there are P element transposase-homologous genes (called THAP9) in other animal genomes, including humans. This review highlights recent and previous studies, which together have led to new insights, and surveys our current understanding of the biology, biochemistry, mechanism and regulation of P element transposition.
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