Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960.
Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature07390
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发表时间:
2008-10-02
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Wolinsky, Steven M.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Worobey, Michael;Gemmel, Marlea;Teuwen, Dirk E.;Haselkorn, Tamara;Kunstman, Kevin;Bunce, Michael;Muyembe, Jean-Jacques;Kabongo, Jean-Marie M.;Kalengayi, Raphael M.;Van Marck, Eric;Gilbert, M. Thomas P.;Wolinsky, Steven M.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled prior to 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]), and we use it to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the M group's most recent common ancestor near the beginning of the 20th century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-Central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed paleovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2001.0863
发表时间:
2001-06-29
影响因子:
6.3
作者:
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通讯作者:
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
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作者:
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通讯作者:
Worobey, M