Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960.

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature07390
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发表时间:
2008-10-02
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Wolinsky, Steven M.
Wolinsky, Steven M.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Worobey, Michael;Gemmel, Marlea;Teuwen, Dirk E.;Haselkorn, Tamara;Kunstman, Kevin;Bunce, Michael;Muyembe, Jean-Jacques;Kabongo, Jean-Marie M.;Kalengayi, Raphael M.;Van Marck, Eric;Gilbert, M. Thomas P.;Wolinsky, Steven M.

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人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)的序列,早于艾滋病的认识是至关重要的,以确定起源的时间和病毒进化的时间尺度。1959年的病毒序列(ZR 59)是已知最古老的HIV-1感染。然而,缺乏其他历史记录的序列,将进化距离转换为时间的重要校准点; ZR 59是唯一一个在1976年之前采样的序列。在这里,我们报告的扩增和表征的病毒序列从布因的固定石蜡包埋的淋巴结活检标本,在1960年从一个成年女性在利奥波德维尔,比利时刚果(现在金沙萨,民主共和国的刚果[DRC]),我们用它来进行第一次比较进化的早期前艾滋病流行的HIV-1 M组病毒的遗传学研究。系统发育分析将该病毒序列(DRC 60)定位为最接近亚型A(不包括A2)的祖先节点。结合DRC 60和ZR 59的宽松分子钟分析将M组最近的共同祖先定在世纪初附近。DRC 60和ZR 59之间相当大的遗传距离直接表明,在公认的艾滋病大流行之前很久,中西部非洲的HIV-1就发生了多样化。从几十年前的石蜡包埋组织中恢复病毒基因序列为对HIV-1进化史进行详细的古病毒学研究打开了大门,这是其他方法无法实现的。
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled prior to 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]), and we use it to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the M group's most recent common ancestor near the beginning of the 20th century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-Central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed paleovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods.
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