Origins and evolving functionalities of tRNA-derived small RNAs.

Origins and evolving functionalities of tRNA-derived small RNAs.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tibs.2021.05.001
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发表时间:
2021-10
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Zhou T
Zhou T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Q;Zhang X;Shi J;Yan M;Zhou T

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转移RNA (tRNA)衍生的小RNA (tsrna)是生命所有领域中最古老的小RNA之一,由tRNA切割产生。新兴研究已经开始揭示tsRNA在基本生物学过程中的多种作用,包括基因沉默、核糖体生物发生、反转录转座和表观遗传,这些过程都植根于tsRNA序列保护、RNA修饰和蛋白质结合能力。我们总结了tsRNA的生物发生机制和RNA修饰的影响,并提出从进化角度思考tsRNA的功能如何促使tsRNA研究扩展到更广泛的范围,包括跨组织/跨物种调控和利用“tsRNA代码”进行精准医学。
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are among the most ancient small RNAs in all domains of life and are generated by the cleavage of tRNAs. Emerging studies have begun to reveal the versatile roles of tsRNAs in fundamental biological processes, including gene silencing, ribosome biogenesis, retrotransposition, and epigenetic inheritance, which are rooted in tsRNA sequence conservation, RNA modifications, and protein-binding abilities. We summarize the mechanisms of tsRNA biogenesis and the impact of RNA modifications, and propose how thinking of tsRNA functionality from an evolutionary perspective urges the expansion of tsRNA research into a wider spectrum, including cross-tissue/cross-species regulation and harnessing of the ‘tsRNA code’ for precision medicine.
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