Inferring Changes in Daily Human Activity from Internet Response

Inferring Changes in Daily Human Activity from Internet Response
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从互联网响应推断人类日常活动的变化

DOI:
10.1145/3618257.3624796
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
ACM
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Heidemann, John
Heidemann, John
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Song, Xiao;Baltra, Guillermo;Heidemann, John

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参考文献

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网络流量通常是白天的,一些网络在工作日达到峰值,而许多家庭则在晚上的流媒体时段达到峰值。监控系统考虑容量规划和异常检测的每日趋势。在本文中,我们扭转了这一推论,并使用每日网络趋势及其缺失来推断人类活动。我们利用对超过 5.2M /24 IPv4 网络的现有和新的 ICMP 回显请求扫描来识别 IP 地址响应性的每日趋势。其中一些网络对变化敏感,其昼夜模式与人类活动相关。我们开发算法来清理这些数据,从每日和每周的波动中提取潜在趋势,并检测该活动的变化。尽管防火墙隐藏了许多网络,并且网络地址转换通常隐藏了人类趋势,但我们显示大约 168k 到 330k(5.2M 的 3.3-6.4%)/24 IPv4 网络是变化敏感的。这些区块分布在全球范围内,代表了 2 × 2° 地理网格单元中最活跃的 60%,这些区域包括 98.5% 的 ping 响应区块。最后,我们发现人类活动的有趣变化。重复使用现有数据使我们的新算法能够识别变化,例如由于 2020 年 Covid-19 出现的全球反应而导致的在家工作。我们还看到人类活动的其他变化,例如国定假日和政府规定的宵禁。这种从互联网数据中检测人类活动趋势的能力提供了一种了解我们世界的新能力,补充了新闻报道和废水病毒观察等其他公共信息来源。
Network traffic is often diurnal, with some networks peaking during the workday and many homes during evening streaming hours. Monitoring systems consider diurnal trends for capacity planning and anomaly detection. In this paper, we reverse this inference and use diurnal network trends and their absence to infer human activity. We draw on existing and new ICMP echo-request scans of more than 5.2M /24 IPv4 networks to identify diurnal trends in IP address responsiveness. Some of these networks are change-sensitive, with diurnal patterns correlating with human activity. We develop algorithms to clean this data, extract underlying trends from diurnal and weekly fluctuation, and detect changes in that activity. Although firewalls hide many networks, and Network Address Translation often hides human trends, we show about 168k to 330k (3.3-6.4% of the 5.2M) /24 IPv4 networks are change-sensitive. These blocks are spread globally, representing some of the most active 60% of 2 × 2° geographic gridcells, regions that include 98.5% of ping-responsive blocks. Finally, we detect interesting changes in human activity. Reusing existing data allows our new algorithm to identify changes, such as Work-from-Home due to the global reaction to the emergence of Covid-19 in 2020. We also see other changes in human activity, such as national holidays and government-mandated curfews. This ability to detect trends in human activity from the Internet data provides a new ability to understand our world, complementing other sources of public information such as news reports and wastewater virus observation.
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期刊: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies
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