Widespread Forest Vertebrate Extinctions Induced by a Mega Hydroelectric Dam in Lowland Amazonia.
Widespread Forest Vertebrate Extinctions Induced by a Mega Hydroelectric Dam in Lowland Amazonia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0129818
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Peres CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benchimol M;Peres CA
热带森林中的大型水电项目对全球陆地和淡水生物多样性构成了重大的紧急威胁。尽管低地热带森林中现有、在建和规划的水力发电大坝数量空前，但对生物多样性的长期影响仍有待评估。我们研究了中型和大型陆地和树栖脊椎动物群（包括 35 种哺乳动物、鸟类和陆龟物种）如何应对亚马逊流域中部主要水力发电水库的群岛景观结构和栖息地质量在隔离后 26 年的剧烈变化。巴尔比纳水电站大坝淹没了 3,129 平方公里的原始森林，同时隔离了 3,546 个陆桥岛屿。我们结合四种调查技术对其中 37 个岛屿和三个相邻的连续森林进行了深入的生物多样性调查，并发现森林栖息地面积对解释脊椎动物灭绝模式的强烈影响。除了明显的区域效应之外，边缘介导的表面火灾扰动是物种丧失的最重要的额外驱动因素，特别是在小于 10 公顷的岛屿中。根据物种面积模型，我们预测现在只有 0.7% 的岛屿拥有物种丰富的脊椎动物群落，其中包含 ≥80% 的物种。我们强调了人造水坝造成的脊椎动物多样性的巨大侵蚀，并表明低地热带森林地区大型水坝对生物多样性的影响被严重忽视。应紧急重新评估在亚马逊低地等地区部署更多大型水电基础设施项目的地缘政治战略，我们强烈建议将长期生物多样性影响明确纳入预先批准的环境影响评估中。
Mega hydropower projects in tropical forests pose a major emergent threat to terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Despite the unprecedented number of existing, under-construction and planned hydroelectric dams in lowland tropical forests, long-term effects on biodiversity have yet to be evaluated. We examine how medium and large-bodied assemblages of terrestrial and arboreal vertebrates (including 35 mammal, bird and tortoise species) responded to the drastic 26-year post-isolation history of archipelagic alteration in landscape structure and habitat quality in a major hydroelectric reservoir of Central Amazonia. The Balbina Hydroelectric Dam inundated 3,129 km2 of primary forests, simultaneously isolating 3,546 land-bridge islands. We conducted intensive biodiversity surveys at 37 of those islands and three adjacent continuous forests using a combination of four survey techniques, and detected strong forest habitat area effects in explaining patterns of vertebrate extinction. Beyond clear area effects, edge-mediated surface fire disturbance was the most important additional driver of species loss, particularly in islands smaller than 10 ha. Based on species-area models, we predict that only 0.7% of all islands now harbor a species-rich vertebrate assemblage consisting of ≥80% of all species. We highlight the colossal erosion in vertebrate diversity driven by a man-made dam and show that the biodiversity impacts of mega dams in lowland tropical forest regions have been severely overlooked. The geopolitical strategy to deploy many more large hydropower infrastructure projects in regions like lowland Amazonia should be urgently reassessed, and we strongly advise that long-term biodiversity impacts should be explicitly included in pre-approval environmental impact assessments.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Ferraz, Goncalo;Nichols, James D.;Lovejoy, Thomas E.
通讯作者：
Lovejoy, Thomas E.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Canale GR;Peres CA;Guidorizzi CE;Gatto CA;Kierulff MC
通讯作者：
Kierulff MC
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Benchimol, Maira;Peres, Carlos A.
通讯作者：
Peres, Carlos A.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Cosson, JF;Ringuet, S;Pons, JM
通讯作者：
Pons, JM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Fearnside, Philip M.;Lima de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio
通讯作者：
Lima de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio