CD1a selectively captures endogenous cellular lipids that broadly block T cell response.

CD1a selectively captures endogenous cellular lipids that broadly block T cell response.
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CD1a选择性地捕获广泛阻断T细胞反应的内源性细胞脂。

DOI:
10.1084/jem.20202699
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发表时间:
2021-07-05
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Moody DB
Moody DB
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cotton RN;Wegrecki M;Cheng TY;Chen YL;Veerapen N;Le Nours J;Orgill DP;Pomahac B;Talbot SG;Willis R;Altman JD;de Jong A;Van Rhijn I;Clark RA;Besra GS;Ogg G;Rossjohn J;Moody DB

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CD1a在朗格汉斯细胞上表达,在那里它提供脂类抗原来激活T细胞。然而,皮肤细胞也会产生一种天然的脂类,结合CD1a并阻断T细胞的反应,作为一种下调自身反应性的机制。我们优化了脂质组学方法,以广泛检测与细胞CD1a蛋白结合的内源性脂类。膜磷脂在细胞中占主导地位,而CD1a优先捕获鞘磷脂,特别是C42,双不饱和鞘磷脂(42:2SM)。在所有受试者中,天然的42:2 SM而不是更常见的34:1 SM可阻断CD1a四聚体与T细胞的结合。因此,细胞CD1a选择性地捕获一种特定的内源性脂质,从而广泛地阻止其与TCR的结合。晶体结构表明,短的细胞SMS稳定了三个表面残基,使其与CD1a保持齐平,但较长的脂类迫使磷胆碱基团骑在展示平台上方,阻碍了TCR的接近。虽然几乎所有的模型都强调抗原介导的T细胞激活,但我们认为CD1a系统具有内在的自身反应性,并受到选择性结合在其裂隙中的天然内源性抑制物的负调节。此外,天然阻滞剂的详细化学结构可以指导未来CD1a反应治疗性阻滞剂的设计。
CD1a is expressed on Langerhans cells, where it presents lipid antigens to activate T cells. However, skin cells also produce a natural lipid that binds CD1a and blocks T cell response as a mechanism to down-regulate autoreactivity. We optimized lipidomics methods to broadly detect endogenous lipids bound to cellular CD1a proteins. Whereas membrane phospholipids dominate in cells, CD1a preferentially captured sphingolipids, especially a C42, doubly unsaturated sphingomyelin (42:2 SM). The natural 42:2 SM but not the more common 34:1 SM blocked CD1a tetramer binding to T cells in all human subjects tested. Thus, cellular CD1a selectively captures a particular endogenous lipid that broadly blocks its binding to TCRs. Crystal structures show that the short cellular SMs stabilized a triad of surface residues to remain flush with CD1a, but the longer lipids forced the phosphocholine group to ride above the display platform to hinder TCR approach. Whereas nearly all models emphasize antigen-mediated T cell activation, we propose that the CD1a system has intrinsic autoreactivity and is negatively regulated by natural endogenous inhibitors selectively bound in its cleft. Further, the detailed chemical structures of natural blockers could guide future design of therapeutic blockers of CD1a response.
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