Effects of low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed particle trap on the composition and toxicity of diesel emissions.
Effects of low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed particle trap on the composition and toxicity of diesel emissions.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7059
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发表时间：
2004-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Mauderly JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McDonald JD;Harrod KS;Seagrave J;Seilkop SK;Mauderly JL
在这项研究中，我们比较了使用当前（大约2003年）认证燃料产生的不受控制的柴油发动机排气（DEE）排放的“基线”条件，以及使用低硫燃料和催化颗粒捕集器的减排（ER）情况。对吸入小鼠（C57Bl/6）（每天6小时，连续7天）进行肺毒性评估（对呼吸道病毒感染、肺部炎症和氧化应激的抵抗力）。在这两种情况下，发动机运行相同（发动机负载相同），吸入暴露在相同的排气稀释率下进行。对于基线DEE，这种稀释导致颗粒质量（PM）浓度约为200 μg/m3 PM，而ER将PM和几乎所有其他测量成分[氮氧化物（NOx）除外]降低到接近暴露大气中的背景水平。这些测量包括PM， PM大小分布，PM组成（碳，离子，元素），NOx，一氧化碳，特定/总挥发性碳氢化合物，以及几种半挥发性有机化合物。暴露结束后，立即处死一组小鼠，评估肺匀浆中的炎症和氧化应激。另一组小鼠气管内灌注呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）， 4天后观察RSV肺清除率和炎症反应。基线DEE对所有测量参数均产生统计学上显著的生物学效应。使用低硫燃料和催化捕集器完全或几乎消除了这些影响。
In this study we compared a “baseline” condition of uncontrolled diesel engine exhaust (DEE) emissions generated with current (circa 2003) certification fuel to an emissions-reduction (ER) case with low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed particle trap. Lung toxicity assessments (resistance to respiratory viral infection, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress) were performed on mice (C57Bl/6) exposed by inhalation (6 hr/day for 7 days). The engine was operated identically (same engine load) in both cases, and the inhalation exposures were conducted at the same exhaust dilution rate. For baseline DEE, this dilution resulted in a particle mass (PM) concentration of approximately 200 μg/m3 PM, whereas the ER reduced the PM and almost every other measured constituent [except nitrogen oxides (NOx)] to near background levels in the exposure atmospheres. These measurements included PM, PM size distribution, PM composition (carbon, ions, elements), NOx, carbon monoxide, speciated/total volatile hydrocarbons, and several classes of semi-volatile organic compounds. After exposure concluded, one group of mice was immediately sacrificed and assessed for inflammation and oxidative stress in lung homogenate. Another group of mice were intratracheally instilled with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and RSV lung clearance and inflammation was assessed 4 days later. Baseline DEE produced statistically significant biological effects for all measured parameters. The use of low sulfur fuel and a catalyzed trap either completely or nearly eliminated the effects.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
McDonald, JD;Barr, EB;White, RK
通讯作者：
White, RK
DOI：
10.1165/rcmb.2002-0100oc
发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Harrod, KS;Jaramillo, RJ;Reed, MD
通讯作者：
Reed, MD
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
McDonald, JD;Barr, EB;Grosjean, E
通讯作者：
Grosjean, E
DOI：
10.1097/00043764-200207000-00010
发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Romieu, I;Samet, JM;Bruce, N
通讯作者：
Bruce, N
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Rudell, B;Ledin, MC;Sandstrom, T
通讯作者：
Sandstrom, T