Cultivated grapevines represent a symptomless reservoir for the transmission of hop stunt viroid to hop crops: 15 years of evolutionary analysis.
Cultivated grapevines represent a symptomless reservoir for the transmission of hop stunt viroid to hop crops: 15 years of evolutionary analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0008386
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发表时间：
2009-12-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sano T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawaguchi-Ito Y;Li SF;Tagawa M;Araki H;Goshono M;Yamamoto S;Tanaka M;Narita M;Tanaka K;Liu SX;Shikata E;Sano T
啤酒花特技是一种神秘的疾病，最早出现在20世纪40年代的日本商业啤酒花中。为了调查这种疾病的起源，我们感染啤酒花与天然啤酒花矮化类病毒（HpSVd）分离物来自四个主机物种（啤酒花，葡萄藤，李子和柑橘），其中除了啤酒花代表祖先类病毒的可能来源。将这些植物保持15年，然后分析存在的HpSVd变体。在这里，我们表明，最初在栽培葡萄中发现的变异引起了在位置25，26，54，193和281的突变的各种组合。然而，在长时间感染后，这些变体经历趋同进化，导致有限数量的适应突变体。其中一些核苷酸序列与目前在日本、中国和美国商业啤酒花中导致啤酒花矮化流行的核苷酸序列相同。因此，这些结果表明，我们已经成功地再现了原始过程，通过该原始过程，天然引入到栽培啤酒花中的天然HpSVd变体能够突变成目前存在于商业啤酒花中的HpSVd变体。此外，重要的是，我们已经确定了栽培葡萄藤作为一个无病毒的水库，其中HSVd可以进化并传播到啤酒花作物引起流行病。
Hop stunt was a mysterious disorder that first emerged in the 1940s in commercial hops in Japan. To investigate the origin of this disorder, we infected hops with natural Hop stunt viroid (HpSVd) isolates derived from four host species (hop, grapevine, plum and citrus), which except for hop represent possible sources of the ancestral viroid. These plants were maintained for 15 years, then analyzed the HpSVd variants present. Here we show that the variant originally found in cultivated grapevines gave rise to various combinations of mutations at positions 25, 26, 54, 193, and 281. However, upon prolonged infection, these variants underwent convergent evolution resulting in a limited number of adapted mutants. Some of them showed nucleotide sequences identical to those currently responsible for hop stunt epidemics in commercial hops in Japan, China, and the United States. Therefore, these results indicate that we have successfully reproduced the original process by which a natural HpSVd variant naturally introduced into cultivated hops was able to mutate into the HpSVd variants that are currently present in commercial hops. Furthermore, and importantly, we have identified cultivated grapevines as a symptomless reservoir in which HSVd can evolve and be transmitted to hop crops to cause epidemics.
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