Variability of Observed Energy Fluxes during Rain-on-Snow and Clear Sky Snowmelt in a Midlatitude Mountain Environment
Variability of Observed Energy Fluxes during Rain-on-Snow and Clear Sky Snowmelt in a Midlatitude Mountain Environment
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中纬度山区环境中雨雪和晴天融雪期间观测到的能量通量的变化
DOI：
10.1175/jhm-d-13-0187.1
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Weiler M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garvelmann J;Pohl S;Weiler M
每小时观测的65个积雪监测站被用来调查的时空变化的表面能量平衡在融雪期间在黑森林地区的西南德国。该研究的重点是2012年12月的两次雨雪（ROS）事件和2013年3月初的晴空时段，使用相同的研究地点。选择ROS和晴空是因为它们在能量交换和动力学方面是完全不同的融雪条件。结果表明，在开放领域的网站和湍流交换和净长波辐射的森林在ROS期间，融雪占主导地位的湍流交换。在ROS期间，开放和森林位置的融雪可用能量几乎相同，即使在夜间也有恒定的能量通量指向积雪。在晴空条件下，净短波辐射在开阔地占主导地位，而净短波和净长波辐射在森林中最重要。一个昼夜信号，在白天和夜间的负能量平衡的正能量平衡观察到，在森林中的融雪可利用的能量大大减少。此外，分层抽样设计揭示了强烈的影响冠层和地形的位置上观测到的能量通量。海拔，方面，叶面积指数（LAI）是最重要的预测变量在ROS，而方面和LAI是最有影响力的晴空期间。这项研究强调了不同的融雪条件下，在一个相对较小的区域内，个别能量平衡项的明显空间变异性。
Hourly observations of 65 snow monitoring stations were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the surface energy balance during snowmelt in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. The study focuses on two rain-on-snow (ROS) events in December 2012 and a clear sky period at the beginning of March 2013 using the same study locations. ROS and clear sky were chosen since they are completely different snowmelt conditions in terms of energy exchanges and dynamics. The results show that snowmelt was dominated by turbulent exchanges at the open field sites and by both turbulent exchanges and net longwave radiation in the forest during ROS. The energy available for snowmelt can be almost identical at open and forest locations during ROS, and a constant energy flux even during night was directed toward the snowpack. During the clear sky conditions, net shortwave radiation was the dominating term in the open, whereas net shortwave and net longwave radiation were most important in the forest. A diurnal signal with positive energy balance during daylight and negative energy balance in the night was observed, with considerably reduced energy available for snowmelt in the forest. Furthermore, the stratified sampling design revealed the strong influence of the canopy and the topography at the locations on the observed energy fluxes. Elevation, aspect, and leaf area index (LAI) were the most important predictor variables during ROS, whereas aspect and LAI were most influential during the clear sky period. The study highlights the distinct spatial variability of the individual energy balance terms over a relatively small area during the differing snowmelt conditions.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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