Mechanisms of reduced interspecific interference between territorial species
Mechanisms of reduced interspecific interference between territorial species
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减少领地物种之间的种间干扰的机制
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arab115
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Grether, Gregory F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McEachin, Shawn;Drury, Jonathan P;Anderson, Christopher N;Grether, Gregory F
种间领域性具有复杂的生态和进化后果。积极互动的物种通常会表现出活动的空间或时间变化，从而减少代价高昂的遭遇的频率。我们分析了13年来收集的数据，50个种群的红癍豆娘（Hetaerinaspp。）研究如何率种间战斗协变与细尺度的栖息地分区和测试竞争的字符位移的微栖息地的喜好。在大多数同域物种中，种间争斗的发生频率低于基于物种相对密度的预期。将空间隔离和物种歧视的测量结果纳入预期频率的计算中，可以解释种间争斗减少的大部分原因（微栖息地偏好的细微差异可以解释其余部分）。在23的25个同域种群对，我们发现物种之间的多元差异领域的微生境（栖息高度，流宽，流速，和冠层覆盖）。竞争性字符位移假说预测，同域物种，更积极地回应对方在直接遇到不同的微生境的使用，有更高的空间隔离水平。以前的工作建立了最低水平的种间战斗的物种已经分歧的领土信号和竞争对手的识别，通过竞争字符位移。在其他物种对，种间的侵略似乎是维持作为一种适应性反应生殖干扰，但种间的战斗仍然是昂贵的。我们现在有强有力的证据表明，微栖息地偏好的进化变化也减少了种间争斗的频率。
Interspecific territoriality has complex ecological and evolutionary consequences. Species that interact aggressively often exhibit spatial or temporal shifts in activity that reduce the frequency of costly encounters. We analyzed data collected over a 13-year period on 50 populations of rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerinaspp.) to examine how rates of interspecific fighting covary with fine-scale habitat partitioning and to test for agonistic character displacement in microhabitat preferences. In most sympatric species, interspecific fights occur less frequently than expected based on the species’ relative densities. Incorporating measurements of spatial segregation and species discrimination into the calculation of expected frequencies accounted for most of the reduction in interspecific fighting (subtle differences in microhabitat preferences could account for the rest). In 23 of 25 sympatric population pairs, we found multivariate differences between species in territory microhabitat (perch height, stream width, current speed, and canopy cover). As predicted by the agonistic character displacement hypothesis, sympatric species that respond more aggressively to each other in direct encounters differ more in microhabitat use and have higher levels of spatial segregation. Previous work established that species with the lowest levels of interspecific fighting have diverged in territory signals and competitor recognition through agonistic character displacement. In the other species pairs, interspecific aggression appears to be maintained as an adaptive response to reproductive interference, but interspecific fighting is still costly. We now have robust evidence that evolved shifts in microhabitat preferences also reduce the frequency of interspecific fighting.
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