Methods for Physical Characterization of Phase-Separated Bodies and Membrane-less Organelles.

Methods for Physical Characterization of Phase-Separated Bodies and Membrane-less Organelles.
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相分离物体和无膜细胞器的物理表征的方法。

DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.006
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发表时间:
2018-11-02
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Kriwacki RW
Kriwacki RW
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mitrea DM;Chandra B;Ferrolino MC;Gibbs EB;Tolbert M;White MR;Kriwacki RW

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真核细胞内的生化过程部分地通过大分子的空间和时间组织来控制。细胞区室化长期以来一直受到重视,从17世纪末对单细胞生物和动植物组织的早期显微镜观察开始,后来在20世纪50年代初通过电子显微镜的出现和改进的样品制备方法进行了改进。两类亚细胞区室在真核细胞内组织生物大分子。膜结合的细胞器将其组分包含在脂质双层膜内。然而,另一种类型的隔室称为无膜细胞器,不受膜限制,但仍然保持明确的组成,结构和功能。例如,细胞核,一种膜结合的细胞器,包含一个称为核仁的亚区室,缺乏周围的膜。自从发现了核仁(最大的无膜细胞器)以来,电子和荧光显微镜的进步以及空间分辨率超过可见光衍射极限的成像方法的发展揭示了细胞在细胞质和细胞核内含有许多其他无膜细胞器。然而,对这些细胞亚区室形成的物理基础的理解是难以捉摸的。
Biochemical processes within eukaryotic cells are partially controlled through spatial and temporal organization of macromolecules. Cellular compartmentalization has long been appreciated, starting with early microscopic observations of unicellular organisms, and animal and plant tissues in the late 1600s, and later refined in the early 1950s through the advent of electron microscopy and improved sample preparation methods. Two classes of sub-cellular compartments organize biological macromolecules within an eukaryotic cell. Membrane-bound organelles contain their components within a lipid bilayer membrane. Another type of compartments termed membrane-less organelles, however, are not delimited by membranes, but still maintain well-defined composition, structure and function. For example, the nucleus, a membrane-bound organelle, contains a sub-compartment termed the nucleolus that lacks a surrounding membrane. Since the discovery of the nucleolus, the largest membrane-less organelle, advances in electron and fluorescence microscopy and the development of imaging methods that exceed the visible light diffraction limit on spatial resolution, revealed that cells contain numerous other membrane-less organelles within the cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, an understanding of the physical basis for the formation of these cellular sub-compartments was elusive.
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