The non-diuretic hypotensive effects of thiazides are enhanced during volume depletion states.

The non-diuretic hypotensive effects of thiazides are enhanced during volume depletion states.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0181376
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Soleimani M
Soleimani M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alshahrani S;Rapoport RM;Zahedi K;Jiang M;Nieman M;Barone S;Meredith AL;Lorenz JN;Rubinstein J;Soleimani M

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包括氢氯噻嗪 (HCTZ) 在内的噻嗪类衍生物是轻至中度高血压最常见的治疗方法。噻嗪类药物最初通过抑制肾脏 Na+-Cl- 协同转运蛋白 (NCC) 来增强利尿作用。然而,使用噻嗪类药物维持较低的血压 (BP) 时,慢性容量不足和利尿作用很小。因此,建议噻嗪类药物可能通过血管平滑肌中 Ca2+ 激活的 K+ (BK) 通道发挥血管舒张作用。本研究确定了 NCC KO 小鼠中盐限制或盐消耗引起的容量减少对 HCTZ 的非利尿降血压作用的作用。 HCTZ (20mg/kg s.c.) 降低了 1) NCC KO 限盐饮食中的血压,但正常饮食中则没有; 2) 在体积耗尽但不在体积复苏的 pendrin/NCC dKO 小鼠中;血压降低时盐排泄没有任何增强或心输出量减少。在用 BK 通道阻滞剂 Paxilline(8 mg/kg,腹腔注射)治疗限盐饮食的 NCC KO 后,以及在限盐饮食的 BK KO 和 BK/NCC dKO 小鼠中,HCTZ 仍可降低血压。在正常和低盐饮食的 NCC KO 小鼠的主动脉环中,HCTZ 分别没有改变和最小程度地降低最大去氧肾上腺素收缩,而收缩敏感性保持不变。这些结果表明:1)噻嗪类药物的非利尿性降血压作用随着血容量减少而增强,2)血压降低可能是 HCTZ 通过依赖于体内存在因素的途径抑制血管收缩的结果,与 BK 通道激活无关,并且涉及与血管内容量减少相关的过程。
Thiazide derivatives including Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) represent the most common treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Thiazides initially enhance diuresis via inhibition of the kidney Na+-Cl- Cotransporter (NCC). However, chronic volume depletion and diuresis are minimal while lowered blood pressure (BP) is maintained on thiazides. Thus, a vasodilator action of thiazides is proposed, likely via Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in vascular smooth muscles. This study ascertains the role of volume depletion induced by salt restriction or salt wasting in NCC KO mice on the non-diuretic hypotensive action of HCTZ. HCTZ (20mg/kg s.c.) lowered BP in 1) NCC KO on a salt restricted diet but not with normal diet; 2) in volume depleted but not in volume resuscitated pendrin/NCC dKO mice; the BP reduction occurs without any enhancement in salt excretion or reduction in cardiac output. HCTZ still lowered BP following treatment of NCC KO on salt restricted diet with paxilline (8 mg/kg, i.p.), a BK channel blocker, and in BK KO and BK/NCC dKO mice on salt restricted diet. In aortic rings from NCC KO mice on normal and low salt diet, HCTZ did not alter and minimally decreased maximal phenylephrine contraction, respectively, while contractile sensitivity remained unchanged. These results demonstrate 1) the non-diuretic hypotensive effects of thiazides are augmented with volume depletion and 2) that the BP reduction is likely the result of HCTZ inhibition of vasoconstriction through a pathway dependent on factors present in vivo, is unrelated to BK channel activation, and involves processes associated with intravascular volume depletion.
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