Codon optimality-mediated mRNA degradation: Linking translational elongation to mRNA stability.

Codon optimality-mediated mRNA degradation: Linking translational elongation to mRNA stability.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.032
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发表时间:
2022-04-21
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Coller, Jeff
Coller, Jeff
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bae, Haneui;Coller, Jeff

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核糖体的信使 RNA (mRNA) 翻译代表了从 DNA 到蛋白质的复杂分子舞蹈的最后一步。尽管传统上认为核糖体是将我们的 64 字遗传密码翻译成复杂程度惊人的蛋白质组的破译者,但最近的研究出人意料地表明,核糖体还可以通过控制 mRNA 稳定性来塑造表达的 mRNA 转录组。最近的研究发现,核糖体是一般 mRNA 降解途径的主仲裁者,其中核糖体转运速率是转录物半衰期的主要决定因素。具体来说,降解复合物的成员将核糖体易位率感知为核糖体延伸率的函数。这一概念的核心是密码子最优性的概念:尽管所有密码子都会影响翻译速率,但有些密码子会被快速破译,而另一些则会导致核糖体犹豫(相对同源 tRNA 浓度的结果)。这些短暂的停顿诱导了一种独特的核糖体构象状态,该状态由去腺苷酸酶复合物探测,从而诱导一系列精心策划的事件,增强聚腺苷酸的缩短和帽的去除。总之,这些数据表明 mRNA 的编码区不仅编码蛋白质含量,而且还通过决定转录物的命运来影响蛋白质水平。
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation by the ribosome represents the final step on a complicated molecular dance from DNA to protein. Though classically considered a decipherer that translates our 64-word genetic code into a proteome of astonishing complexity, recent work has unexpectedly shown that the ribosome can also shape the expressed mRNA transcriptome by controlling mRNA stability. Recent work has discovered that the ribosome is a master arbiter of the general mRNA degradation pathway, wherein ribosome transit rate serves as a major determinant of transcript half-lives. Specifically, members of the degradation complex sense ribosome translocation rate as a function of ribosome elongation rate. Central to this notion is the concept of Codon Optimality: though all codons impact translation rate, some are deciphered quickly while others cause ribosome hesitation (a consequence of relative cognate tRNA concentration). These transient pauses induce a unique ribosome conformational state that is probed by the deadenylase complex, thereby inducing an orchestrated set of events that enhance both poly(A) shortening and cap removal. Together, these data implicate that the coding region of an mRNA not only encodes for protein content, but also impacts protein levels through determining the transcript’s fate.
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