Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758).
Release of chromatin extracellular traps by phagocytes of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.023
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Desbois AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Álvarez de Haro N;Van AP;Robb CT;Rossi AG;Desbois AP
中性粒细胞释放染色质细胞外陷阱（chromatin extracellular trap，CDT）作为鱼类先天免疫反应的一部分，以对抗微生物病原体造成的威胁。然而，在许多商业养殖物种中，对这种现象的关注相对较少，尽管了解宿主-病原体相互作用的重要性以及影响ET释放以减少疾病爆发的潜力。本研究的目的是研究大西洋鲑（萨尔莫salar L.）免疫细胞。在体外中性粒细胞悬液中，通过荧光显微镜观察到不同形态的细胞外结构，这些结构用Sytox绿色染色呈阳性，并可被DNA酶I消化。免疫荧光研究证实，ET结构被组蛋白H1和H2 A以及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶修饰，这是哺乳动物和其他生物体中嗜酸性粒细胞的特征。虽然释放自发，释放在中性粒细胞悬浮液中的刺激最显着的5 μg/ml的钙离子载体（CaI）为1小时，而鱼类致病性细菌杀鲑气单胞菌（分离株30411和胡克）也发挥了刺激作用。显微镜观察显示细菌与沙门氏菌相关，并且在与已被诱导释放沙门氏菌的嗜中性粒细胞共孵育后3小时，回收到较少的杀鲑放线菌胡克细菌菌落。有趣的是，自发释放的鱼体重呈负相关（p < 0.05），年龄的替代品。此外，富含巨噬细胞并用5 μg/ml CaI刺激的悬浮液会释放ET样结构，偶尔会导致大细胞团的形成。更深入地了解鱼类宿主先天免疫中的作用和功能，以及它们与微生物病原体的相互作用，可能会为保护养殖种群免受传染病的侵害开辟新的途径。染色质细胞外陷阱（TRIPs）被鲑鱼中性粒细胞释放。钙离子载体是中性粒细胞释放ET的强有力的诱导剂。用组蛋白H1和H2 A以及中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶修饰细胞。细菌诱导ET释放，并观察到其与内皮素的相关性。在单核/巨噬细胞悬液中观察到ET结构。
Neutrophils release chromatin extracellular traps (ETs) as part of the fish innate immune response to counter the threats posed by microbial pathogens. However, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in many commercially farmed species, despite the importance of understanding host-pathogen interactions and the potential to influence ET release to reduce disease outbreaks. The aim of this present study was to investigate the release of ETs by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) immune cells. Extracellular structures resembling ETs of different morphology were observed by fluorescence microscopy in neutrophil suspensions in vitro, as these structures stained positively with Sytox Green and were digestible with DNase I. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the ET structures to be decorated with histones H1 and H2A and neutrophil elastase, which are characteristic for ETs in mammals and other organisms. Although the ETs were released spontaneously, release in neutrophil suspensions was stimulated most significantly with 5 μg/ml calcium ionophore (CaI) for 1 h, whilst the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida (isolates 30411 and Hooke) also exerted a stimulatory effect. Microscopic observations revealed bacteria in association with ETs, and fewer bacterial colonies of A. salmonicida Hooke were recovered at 3 h after co-incubation with neutrophils that had been induced to release ETs. Interestingly, spontaneous release of ETs was inversely associated with fish mass (p < 0.05), a surrogate for age. Moreover, suspensions enriched for macrophages and stimulated with 5 μg/ml CaI released ET-like structures that occasionally led to the formation of large clumps of cells. A deeper understanding for the roles and functions of ETs within innate immunity of fish hosts, and their interaction with microbial pathogens, may open new avenues towards protecting cultured stocks against infectious diseases. Chromatin extracellular traps (ETs) were released by salmon neutrophils. Calcium ionophore was a powerful inducer of ET release from neutrophils. ETs were decorated with histones H1 and H2A and neutrophil elastase. Bacteria induced ET release and association with ETs was observed. ET structures were observed in monocyte/macrophage suspensions.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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4.2
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Morera FJ