Seasonality and prevalence of Leishmania major infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from two neighboring villages in central Mali.
Seasonality and prevalence of Leishmania major infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from two neighboring villages in central Mali.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001139
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发表时间：
2011-05-10
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kamhawi S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson JM;Samake S;Jaramillo-Gutierrez G;Sissoko I;Coulibaly CA;Traoré B;Soucko C;Guindo B;Diarra D;Fay MP;Lawyer PG;Doumbia S;Valenzuela JG;Kamhawi S
杜博氏白蛉是西非主要利什曼原虫的主要媒介，是皮肤利什曼病（CL）的病原体，也是马里的疑似媒介。虽然在全国各地都发现了杜博斯奇疟原虫，但马里尚未确定杜博斯奇疟原虫的季节性和感染率。我们在马里中部的两个邻近村庄Kemena和Sougoula进行了为期三年的研究，该地区的利什马宁皮肤试验阳性率高达45%。在第一年，我们评估了白蛉的整体多样性。在采集的18，595只蝇类中，12，952只（69%）属于12种Sergentomyia，5，643只（31%）属于2种Phlebotomus，P. duboscqi和P. rodhaini。其中，杜氏白蛉数量最多，占所收集白蛉种类的99%。杜博斯奇沙蝇是在住宅内收集的主要沙蝇，主要是通过休息地点收集。连续两年监测杜氏疟原虫的季节性和感染率。杜布索奇是全年采集的。使用准泊松模型，我们观察到一个显着的年度（第1年至第2年），季节性（每月）和村庄的影响（Kemena与Sougoula）收集的P. duboscqi的数量。准泊松模型的季节效应反映了5 - 7月和10 - 11月的两个季节性采集高峰。通过PCR确定合并的杜氏疟原虫雌性的感染状态。合并女性的感染率，估计使用最大似然估计的患病率，是2.7%，在凯梅纳和Sougoula。根据PCR产物大小，L.在这两个村庄的苍蝇中发现的唯一种类是major。这一点通过将感染果蝇的PCR产物子集与已知利什曼原虫物种进行序列比对得到证实，证明杜博斯奇疟原虫是马里的CL载体。雌性白蛉传播一种叫做利什曼原虫的寄生虫，这种寄生虫会导致一种叫做皮肤利什曼病（CL）的疾病。在西非发现了几种白蛉，但只有一种白蛉（Phlebotomus duboscqi）被证明可以传播寄生虫。在西非中部的马里也报告了皮肤利什曼病，但迄今为止尚未确定传播寄生虫的白蛉及其年度丰度。在连续三年从马里中部的两个邻近村庄Kemena和Sougoula收集了白蛉，其中CL存在。杜博斯奇白蛉全年被采集，是人类住所内和周围的主要白蛉。其他白蛉物种，已知不是CL的载体，主要是在村外发现的。此外，还发现杜博斯奇疟原虫雌性感染了L.主要的利什曼原虫属，与马里人类CL病例中鉴定的利什曼原虫属相同。估计杜氏疟原虫感染率为2.7%。有趣的是，尽管先前的报告表明两个村庄的白蛉数量和感染率不同，但两个村庄的白蛉数量和感染率相似。人类的主要接触率。这项研究极大地提高了我们对CL在马里传播的认识，迄今为止在这个国家的研究很少。
Phlebotomus duboscqi is the principle vector of Leishmania major, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), in West Africa and is the suspected vector in Mali. Although found throughout the country the seasonality and infection prevalence of P. duboscqi has not been established in Mali. We conducted a three year study in two neighboring villages, Kemena and Sougoula, in Central Mali, an area with a leishmanin skin test positivity of up to 45%. During the first year, we evaluated the overall diversity of sand flies. Of 18,595 flies collected, 12,952 (69%) belonged to 12 species of Sergentomyia and 5,643 (31%) to two species of the genus Phlebotomus, P. duboscqi and P. rodhaini. Of those, P. duboscqi was the most abundant, representing 99% of the collected Phlebotomus species. P. duboscqi was the primary sand fly collected inside dwellings, mostly by resting site collection. The seasonality and infection prevalence of P. duboscqi was monitored over two consecutive years. P. dubsocqi were collected throughout the year. Using a quasi-Poisson model we observed a significant annual (year 1 to year 2), seasonal (monthly) and village effect (Kemena versus Sougoula) on the number of collected P. duboscqi. The significant seasonal effect of the quasi-Poisson model reflects two seasonal collection peaks in May-July and October-November. The infection status of pooled P. duboscqi females was determined by PCR. The infection prevalence of pooled females, estimated using the maximum likelihood estimate of prevalence, was 2.7% in Kemena and Sougoula. Based on the PCR product size, L. major was identified as the only species found in flies from the two villages. This was confirmed by sequence alignment of a subset of PCR products from infected flies to known Leishmania species, incriminating P. duboscqi as the vector of CL in Mali. Female sand flies transmit a parasite called Leishmania that causes a disease called cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Several species of sand flies are found in West Africa, but only one species, Phlebotomus duboscqi, has been proven to transmit the parasite. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis has also been reported from Mali, Central West Africa, but the sand fly transmitting the parasite and its annual abundance has not been established, until now. Sand flies were collected during three consecutive years from two neighboring villages in Central Mali, Kemena and Sougoula, where CL is present. P. duboscqi was collected year-round and was the dominant sand fly inside of and surrounding human dwellings. Other sand fly species, known not to be vectors of CL, were primarily found outside the village. Additionally, P. duboscqi females were found infected with L. major, the same Leishmania species identified from human CL cases in Mali. The estimated infection prevalence of P. duboscqi females was 2.7%. Interestingly, the sand fly abundance and infection prevalence was similar in the two villages despite a previous report indicating a disparate L. major exposure rate in humans. This study greatly enhances our knowledge of CL transmission in Mali, poorly studied in this country to date.
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DOI：
10.1016/0035-9203(83)90052-4
发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
DESJEUX, P;BRYAN, JH;MARTINSAXTON, P
通讯作者：
MARTINSAXTON, P
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1990.43.31
发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
LAWYER, PG;NGUMBI, PM;ROBERTS, CR
通讯作者：
ROBERTS, CR
DOI：
10.1016/0035-9203(69)90152-7
发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
IMPERATO, PJ;DIAKITE, S
通讯作者：
DIAKITE, S
DOI：
10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90057-x
发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Anders, Gerlind;Eisenberger, Carol L;Greenblatt, Charles L
通讯作者：
Greenblatt, Charles L
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kato, Hirotomo;Anderson, Jennifer M.;Valenzuela, Jesus G.
通讯作者：
Valenzuela, Jesus G.