vglut2 and gad expression reveal distinct patterns of dual GABAergic versus glutamatergic cotransmitter phenotypes of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the zebrafish brain.
vglut2 and gad expression reveal distinct patterns of dual GABAergic versus glutamatergic cotransmitter phenotypes of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the zebrafish brain.
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.23524
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发表时间：
2014-06-15
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Driever, Wolfgang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Filippi, Alida;Mueller, Thomas;Driever, Wolfgang
在整个脊椎动物谱系中，多巴胺能神经元形成影响运动行为、情绪、认知和生理的重要神经调节系统。在哺乳动物中的研究已经确定，多巴胺能神经元在发育和生理功能过程中经常使用γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）或多巴胺能共传递。在这里，我们分析了vapor 2，gad 1b和gad 2的表达结合酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应在4天大的幼虫和30天大的青少年斑马鱼的大脑，以确定多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素组可能使用GABA或谷氨酸作为第二个发射器。我们的研究结果表明，大多数多巴胺能神经元也表达GABA能标记物，包括嗅球（与哺乳动物A16同源）和腭下的多巴胺能神经元群，下丘脑的多巴胺能神经元群（A12，A14），丘脑前不定神经元群（A13），视前神经元群（A15）和顶盖前神经元群。因此，大多数的儿茶酚胺能神经元是gad 1b/2阳性和共表达GABA。然而，极少数gad 1/2阴性的多巴胺能组表达vEGF 2，并使用谷氨酸作为第二种递质。这些多巴胺能双递质表型是后结节的Orthopedia转录因子依赖性A11型多巴胺能神经元。总之，我们的研究结果表明，斑马鱼中的所有儿茶酚胺能基团都是GABA能或谷氨酸能的。因此，多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素与GABA或谷氨酸的共传递似乎是斑马鱼儿茶酚胺能系统的一个常规特征。我们比较我们的研究结果与那些已被描述为哺乳动物系统，讨论的背景下，GABA能和mammatergic区域在大脑中的发育规范的发射机二元论的现象，并把这种现象在进化的角度来看。神经学比较杂志522：2019-2037，2014。
Throughout the vertebrate lineage, dopaminergic neurons form important neuromodulatory systems that influence motor behavior, mood, cognition, and physiology. Studies in mammals have established that dopaminergic neurons often use γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glutamatergic cotransmission during development and physiological function. Here, we analyze vglut2, gad1b and gad2 expression in combination with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in 4-day-old larval and 30-day-old juvenile zebrafish brains to determine which dopaminergic and noradrenergic groups may use GABA or glutamate as a second transmitter. Our results show that most dopaminergic neurons also express GABAergic markers, including the dopaminergic groups of the olfactory bulb (homologous to mammalian A16) and the subpallium, the hypothalamic groups (A12, A14), the prethalamic zona incerta group (A13), the preoptic groups (A15), and the pretectal group. Thus, the majority of catecholaminergic neurons are gad1b/2-positive and coexpress GABA. A very few gad1/2-negative dopaminergic groups, however, express vglut2 instead and use glutamate as a second transmitter. These glutamatergic dual transmitter phenotypes are the Orthopedia transcription factor–dependent, A11-type dopaminergic neurons of the posterior tuberculum. All together, our results demonstrate that all catecholaminergic groups in zebrafish are either GABAergic or glutamatergic. Thus, cotransmission of dopamine and noradrenaline with either GABA or glutamate appears to be a regular feature of zebrafish catecholaminergic systems. We compare our results with those that have been described for mammalian systems, discuss the phenomenon of transmitter dualism in the context of developmental specification of GABAergic and glutamatergic regions in the brain, and put this phenomenon in an evolutionary perspective. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2019–2037, 2014.
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