Glial biology in learning and cognition.

Glial biology in learning and cognition.
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DOI:
10.1177/1073858413504465
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发表时间:
2014-10
期刊:
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wake H
Wake H
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fields RD;Araque A;Johansen-Berg H;Lim SS;Lynch G;Nave KA;Nedergaard M;Perez R;Sejnowski T;Wake H

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神经元非常擅长快速电信号传输,但神经胶质细胞的一些特性不与电脉冲交流,非常适合参与复杂的认知功能,需要广泛的空间整合和长期的时间调节。星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞都有可能影响学习和认知的生物学特性。少突胶质细胞的髓鞘形成增加传导速度,影响神经元活动的棘波时序和振荡。星形胶质细胞可以调节突触传递,并可能将多个神经元和突触耦合成功能组件。小胶质细胞可以通过依赖活动的方式移除突触,从而改变神经网络。将神经胶质细胞纳入神经系统功能的双细胞机制可能有助于回答有关学习和认知的细胞机制的长期问题。
Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition.
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