All Hands on Deck: We Need Multiple Approaches To Uncover the Neuroscience behind the Opioid Overdose Crisis.

All Hands on Deck: We Need Multiple Approaches To Uncover the Neuroscience behind the Opioid Overdose Crisis.
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DOI:
10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00818
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发表时间:
2023-06-07
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
McElligott, Zoe A.
McElligott, Zoe A.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bedard, Madigan L.;Nowlan, Alexandra C.;Campo, Zoe Martin del;Miller, Colin;Desgupta, Nabarun;McElligott, Zoe A.

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阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)影响着全美国数百万人,但只有三种药物治疗方法得到了食品和药物管理局的批准。虽然这些治疗方法已被证明是有效的,但过量死亡的人数继续上升。非法药物供应中芬太尼、芬太尼类似物和掺假物的增加使治疗策略进一步复杂化。临床前研究人员努力对OUD进行建模,以更好地了解这种复杂的疾病,这项研究是开发新型治疗方法的关键推动因素。因此,存在许多不同的OUD临床前模型。通常,研究人员对他们认为是模仿人类状况的“最佳”模型形成强烈的意见。在这里,我们认为研究人员应该支持多种模型,以促进新的观点和发现,并在设计临床前研究时始终考虑人类阿片类药物使用的趋势。我们描述了权变和非权变模型以及阿片类药物戒断模型的好处,以及这些模型如何有助于阐明OUD的不同组成部分。
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions of people throughout the United States, yet there are only three Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatments. Though these treatments have been shown to be effective, the number of overdose deaths continues to rise. The increase of fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and adulterants in the illicit drug supply has further complicated treatment strategies. Preclinical researchers strive to model OUD to better understand this complicated disorder, and this research is a critical enabler for the development of novel treatments. As a result, there are many different preclinical models of OUD. Often, researchers form strong opinions on what they believe to be the “best” model to mimic the human condition. Here, we argue that researchers should be supportive of multiple models to promote new perspectives and discoveries and always consider the trends in human opioid use when designing preclinical studies. We describe the benefits of contingent and noncontingent models as well as models of opioid withdrawal and how each of these can help illuminate different components of OUD.
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