Sequence Transpositions Restore Genes on the Highly Degenerated W Chromosomes of Songbirds.

Sequence Transpositions Restore Genes on the Highly Degenerated W Chromosomes of Songbirds.
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序列转座恢复鸣禽高度退化的 W 染色体上的基因

DOI:
10.3390/genes11111267
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发表时间:
2020-10-28
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Zhou Q
Zhou Q
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu L;Irestedt M;Zhou Q

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大多数新鼻亚科鸟类雌性特有的W染色体高度退化且缺乏基因。以前的研究已经证明,尽管数量很少,但新鼻亚科鸟类W染色体的基因库在鸟类中是保守的,可能是由于保持了调节和剂量敏感基因的纯化选择。在这里,我们报告了通过序列转座在极鸟(雀科,雀形目)中发现了从Z染色体到W染色体的基于DNA的序列复制。最初的转座涉及9个基因,但只有两个基因(ANXA1和ALDH1A1)存活在W染色体上。ANXA1和ALDH1A1都被预测为剂量敏感的,并且ANXA1在所有被调查的鸟类中的表达仅限于卵巢。这些分析表明,新转座到W染色体上的基因可能会因为它们在恢复剂量失衡方面的作用而受到青睐,或者是通过女性特有的选择。在研究了另外七个鸣禽基因组后,我们进一步发现了达尔文雀W染色体上的另外五个转座基因和大山雀中的一个转座基因,将Z-W转座的观察扩大到更广泛的鸟类物种,但并不是所有的转座基因都表现出剂量敏感性或卵巢偏向表达。我们展示了一种新的机制,即高度退化的鸣禽W染色体可以从同源Z染色体获得基因,但需要进一步的功能研究来验证这些转座背后的进化力。
The female-specific W chromosomes of most Neognathae birds are highly degenerated and gene-poor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the gene repertoires of the Neognathae bird W chromosomes, despite being in small numbers, are conserved across bird species, likely due to purifying selection maintaining the regulatory and dosage-sensitive genes. Here we report the discovery of DNA-based sequence duplications from the Z to the W chromosome in birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae, Passeriformes), through sequence transposition. The original transposition involved nine genes, but only two of them (ANXA1 and ALDH1A1) survived on the W chromosomes. Both ANXA1 and ALDH1A1 are predicted to be dosage-sensitive, and the expression of ANXA1 is restricted to ovaries in all the investigated birds. These analyses suggest the newly transposed gene onto the W chromosomes can be favored for their role in restoring dosage imbalance or through female-specific selection. After examining seven additional songbird genomes, we further identified five other transposed genes on the W chromosomes of Darwin’s finches and one in the great tit, expanding the observation of the Z-to-W transpositions to a larger range of bird species, but not all transposed genes exhibit dosage-sensitivity or ovary-biased expression We demonstrate a new mechanism by which the highly degenerated W chromosomes of songbirds can acquire genes from the homologous Z chromosomes, but further functional investigations are needed to validate the evolutionary forces underlying the transpositions.
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