Amino Acid Trp: The Far Out Impacts of Host and Commensal Tryptophan Metabolism.
Amino Acid Trp: The Far Out Impacts of Host and Commensal Tryptophan Metabolism.
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氨基酸色氨酸：宿主和共生色氨酸代谢的远端影响。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.653208
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kominsky DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grifka-Walk HM;Jenkins BR;Kominsky DJ
色氨酸（Trp）是一种必需氨基酸，主要来源于饲粮，供宿主用于蛋白质合成。肠道内布满了细胞，包括宿主和微生物，它们吸收和代谢色氨酸，产生重要的信号分子。5-羟色胺（5-HT）、犬尿氨酸及其下游代谢物，以及在较小程度上由宿主产生的其他神经递质向宿主受体发出信号并引起生理作用。中枢神经系统神经元产生的5-羟色胺调节睡眠、情绪和食欲；肠嗜铬细胞在肠道中产生的5-羟色胺调节胃运动和周围的炎症。犬尿氨酸可以向芳烃受体（AHR）发出信号，引起包括上皮细胞和免疫细胞在内的多种细胞类型的多效性反应，或者可以进一步代谢成生物活性分子，影响神经退行性疾病。在色氨酸代谢物方面，与微生物组也存在显著的串扰。肠道微生物组可以调节宿主色氨酸代谢物的产生，并可以利用膳食或回收色氨酸来产生生物活性代谢物。色氨酸衍生物如吲哚能够向包括AHR在内的异种受体发出信号，从而引发耐受性效应。在这里，我们回顾研究表明色氨酸代表一个关键的王国内信号分子。
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid primarily derived from the diet for use by the host for protein synthesis. The intestinal tract is lined with cells, both host and microbial, that uptake and metabolize Trp to also generate important signaling molecules. Serotonin (5-HT), kynurenine and its downstream metabolites, and to a lesser extent other neurotransmitters are generated by the host to signal onto host receptors and elicit physiological effects. 5-HT production by neurons in the CNS regulates sleep, mood, and appetite; 5-HT production in the intestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells regulates gastric motility and inflammation in the periphery. Kynurenine can signal onto the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to elicit pleiotropic responses from several cell types including epithelial and immune cells, or can be further metabolized into bioactive molecules to influence neurodegenerative disease. There is a remarkable amount of cross-talk with the microbiome with regard to tryptophan metabolites as well. The gut microbiome can regulate the production of host tryptophan metabolites and can use dietary or recycled trp to generate bioactive metabolites themselves. Trp derivatives like indole are able to signal onto xenobiotic receptors, including AHR, to elicit tolerogenic effects. Here, we review studies that demonstrate that tryptophan represents a key intra-kingdom signaling molecule.
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影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Brown PM;Drossman DA;Wood AJ;Cline GA;Frazier KS;Jackson JI;Bronner J;Freiman J;Zambrowicz B;Sands A;Gershon MD
通讯作者：
Gershon MD
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Busbee PB;Rouse M;Nagarkatti M;Nagarkatti PS
通讯作者：
Nagarkatti PS
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Adams, O;Besken, K;Däubener, W
通讯作者：
Däubener, W
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Chappell, Cynthia L.;Darkoh, Charles;Hixson, James
通讯作者：
Hixson, James
影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Andresen, Viola;Montori, Victor M.;Camilleri, Michael
通讯作者：
Camilleri, Michael